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The research has aimed to estimate biocide properties (antibacterial and antifungal) of selected preparations of fresh garlic and garlic processed in household conditions (thermal processing) as well as commercially processed garlic. Fresh garlic was characterised by the strongest inhibiting activity in relation to the growth of all examined microorganism strains. It inhibited the growth of pathogenic colonies of coagulase positive strains of Staphyloccocus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans serotype A. Lyophilized garlic lost partially its bactericidal properties. It did not inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa nor Staphylococcus aureus ATTC 25923 strains, however, it showed a high ability to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATTC 33591, Escherichia coli ATTC 35218 and Candida albicans B serotype strains. Garlic after short-term thermal treatment (frying) as well as aging garlic extract (AGE) did not show its bactericidal properties, however, they had the inhibiting activity of Candida albicans A and B serotypes.
The aim of this research was to study the antifungal properties of Propionibacteria. Three fractions from cultures of Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii 41 and ssp. freudenreichii 111 (i.e. culture containing viable bacteria, cell-free supernatant and bacteriocin preparation) were tested for their ability to inhibit the growth and mycotoxin production of Alternaría altérnala, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium verticillioides. The growth of the fungi was monitored during cultivation using a plating method. The concentration of toxins produced was measured by HPLC on the 14th day of culture. Altenuene and tenuazonic acid were determined in cultures of A. altérnala whilst concentration of nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, fumonisin B₁ and zearalenone was measured in Fusarium cultures. The strongest inhibition of growth and toxin production was observed in the presence of cultures containing viable cells and supernatants obtained from Propionibacteria cultures. The bacteriocin extracts generally had a weak fungistatic effect on the growth of A. alternata, F. culmorum and F. graminearum. Despite the fact that growth was slower in the presence of bacteriocin extracts than in control trials, none of the preparations prepared from the Propionibacteria significantly reduced the level of mycotoxin production. The ability of P. freudenreichii ssp. freudenreichii 111 to remove zearalenone from liquid medium was also evaluated. It was shown that both viable and non-viable cells caused a decrease in zearalenone concentration in the medium.
Temporin A (TA) and a cecropin A-temporin A hybrid peptide (CATA) were synthe­sized and assayed for their hemolytic, anticoagulant, and antifungal properties. CATA retains significant antifungal activity, is less hemolytic than TA, and inhibits blood coagulation. These results recommend further studies of the biological activi­ties of CATA.
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