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Today it is quite important to develop new, reliable, cost-efficient, and non-toxic herbal anti-microbial agents in order to minimize environmental and health problems. This study uses the disc diffusion method to examine the antimicrobial activity of the extracts of Cotinus coggygria Scop. prepared in ethanol, methanol, distilled water, chloroform, acetone, and petroleum ether against the bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis. Cotinus coggygria was found to inhibit the reproduction of microorganisms at various rates. The plant extracts in distilled water and methanol were found to be the most effective against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Enterococcus faecalis.
The nutritive value and terapeuthic activity of watermelon seeds is known, but up to day no studies on isolation and characterisation of their melanin were conducted. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial and light barrier properties of raw and purified melanins isolated from watermelon seeds. Native melanin was isolated from seeds by alkaline extraction. Obtained pigment was purified by acid hydrolysis. Chemical tests and FT-IR analysis were conducted to determine the melanin nature of the isolated pigments. UV-Vis, transmittance and colour properties were evaluated spectrophotometrically. Antioxidant activity was determined using ABTS and antibacterial activity through a well diffusion method. The results of the study demonstrated that melanins isolated from watermelon seeds had antioxidant, light barrier and antibacterial properties. A purified form of melanin had higher antioxidant activity and light barrier properties than the raw form. Both melanins inhibited the growth of Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Watermelon seeds may be considered as a promising source of natural melanin which possess remarkable therapeutic action that can support the traditional use of this plant in the ethnomedicine.
Introduction: Solanum sodomaeum L. has been observed to have several medicinal properties, in particular, in the treatment of several types of human skin cancer. Objective: The influence of the maturation stage of S. sodomaeum fruits on the total lipid contents, fatty acid profiles, essential oil yields and compositions, as well as the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the essential oils, was investigated. Methods: The fatty acid and essential oil constituents were identified using gas chromatography (GC) and GC–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The antioxidant properties of essential oil and vegetal oil were assessed using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and reducing power assays. The antibacterial ac-tivity of essential oil was tested using the disc diffusion assay for resistance in human pathogenic bacteria. Results: Mature fruits showed higher total lipid content (17%) and were characterised by polyunsaturated fatty acids (53.87%), represented mainly by linoleic acid (53.11%). Similar yields of essential oils were detected for immature (0.43%) and mature (0.45%) fruits. Tetrahydronaphthalene (41.79%) was detected as the major essential oil component at the immature stage versus dihydrocoumarin pentane (18.27%), hexadecanoic acid (17.43%) and 2-undecanone (13.20%) in mature fruits. The DPPH test showed that essential oils had better antioxidant properties; however, the vegetal oils showed better performance in the reducing power assay. Moreover, the essential oil of S. sodomaeum mature fruits was active against bacterial strains. Conclusions: S. sodomaeum fruits could be a valuable source of natural antioxidants and antibacterial agents.
The research has aimed to estimate biocide properties (antibacterial and antifungal) of selected preparations of fresh garlic and garlic processed in household conditions (thermal processing) as well as commercially processed garlic. Fresh garlic was characterised by the strongest inhibiting activity in relation to the growth of all examined microorganism strains. It inhibited the growth of pathogenic colonies of coagulase positive strains of Staphyloccocus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans serotype A. Lyophilized garlic lost partially its bactericidal properties. It did not inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa nor Staphylococcus aureus ATTC 25923 strains, however, it showed a high ability to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATTC 33591, Escherichia coli ATTC 35218 and Candida albicans B serotype strains. Garlic after short-term thermal treatment (frying) as well as aging garlic extract (AGE) did not show its bactericidal properties, however, they had the inhibiting activity of Candida albicans A and B serotypes.
Plant essential oils and their active components have shown a large scale of activities: as antimicrobials, anti-oxidants, digestive stimulators, anti-inflammators, appetisers and performance enhancers. The antimicrobial properties of the essential oil from sage (Salvia officinalis L., family Lamiaceae) were evaluated against selected bacteria in a model experiment in crossbred piglets (Slovak White x Pietrain) weaned at 10 days of age. The essential oil was applied daily in a dose of 0.05% into the commercial feed mixture ČOS 1 and ČOS 2 for a period of three weeks, starting at the age of 21 days to 7 piglets in an experimental group and pathogen concentrations were compared with a control group of 3 piglets. Faecal samples of piglets were analyzed on the 21st, 35th and 42nd days of age and counts of anaerobes, Escherichia coli, enterobacteria and enterococci were performed. The differences in counts of selected bacteria within the control group during the experiment were not statistically significant. The counts within the experimental group showed statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in number of all selected bacteria between 1st and 2nd samplings. The anaerobic bacteria count was also significantly different on 21st and 42nd day of age. Comparing the control and the experimental group counts of Escherichia coli at the age of 35 days were significantly lower in the experimental group. All statistically significant differences observed showed decrease in selected bacteria counts. No adverse effects on animal health were noticed when using sage essential oil. Therefore, sage oil may be recommended to be an alternative fytoaditive antimicrobial supplement to conventional additives used in animal feed. (Because of the essential oil is inhibitory to selected pathogenic microorganisms it may provide alternative and supplement to conventional antimicrobial additives in foods.)
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