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Comparison of the effect of the chosen species of saprotrophic fungi on the development of Toxocara canis and Ascaris suum eggs

100%

Mazurkiewicz-Zapalowicz K., Jaborowska-Jarmoluk M., Kolodziejczyk L., Kuzna-Grygiel W.

Annals of Parasitology

2014

tom 60

nr 3

The study aim was to compare the antagonistic interaction between saprotrophic soil fungi and embryonic development of geohelminths Toxocara canis and Ascaris suum. The experimental cultures were fertilized eggs of T. canis and A. suum incubated together with mycelium of strains: Fusarium culmorum, Metarhizium anisopliae, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, Trichoderma viride and Trichothecium roseum. In the control cultures the eggs of both nematode species were incubated without fungi. The experiment was conducted at temp. 26ºC for 60 days. Compared with the control, all of the tested species of fungi significantly extended the embryonic development of both T. canis and A. suum. Most inhibitory effect on the rate of embryonic development of T. canis and A. suum had three fungal species: P. fumosoreus, M. anisopliae and T. viride. Compared with the control, on the 60th day of incubation in the presence of each of the tested fungal species, a larger percentage (p<0.05) of morphological abnormalities was stated in developing embryos of T. canis (49–69%) than in A. suum (15.1–67.7%). Among the examined fungal species, only incubation with P. fumosoroseus resulted in significantly greater (p<0.05) incidence of embryonic malformations (embryopathies) in T. canis, as compared with A. suum. Also the percentage of dead larvae of T. canis in the control and in cultures with fungi (12% and 100%, respectively) was significantly higher in comparison with A. suum (0.5% and 10.3–36%, respectively). The highest percentage of non-viable larvae of A. suum was found in the presence of P. fumosoroseus, and the lowest in the presence of M. anisopliae. Findings may indicate that T. canis eggs are more sensitive to antagonistic interaction of the examined fungal strains than A. suum eggs.

Comparative behaviour analysis of some colubrids with reference to suitability of captive bred snakes for reintroduction to natural habitat

80%

Zyczynski A., Nowak Z.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Animal Science

2013

tom 52

A sample of newly hatched American colubrids, divided according to their level of domestication, understood herewith as the generation history in captivity, was tested in an open field test (OFT) for degree of activity and confidence in open terrain and in confrontation with individuals of such species as Pantherophis guttatus and Lampropeltis getula splendida as well as L. g. californiae, in order to compare their antagonistic and feeding behaviour reactions. The cluster comparison of defence reactions revealed no effect of domestication (many generation in captivity) in the face of potential danger. Even albino phase Kingsnakes, considered to be the form of this species most affected by captivity (altered genome), maintained their natural feeding response. The degree of activity in OFT conditions was seen to decrease with the snakes' age. Thus it was demonstrated that captive specimens bred in terrariums may be considered a gene bank for ex situ conservation strategy. However it is recommended that specimens as young as possible should be used in reintroduction to natural habitat, as these will respond most faithfully to the pressure of natural selection, based on their behavioural variation not supressed by apathy caused by captivity.

Ograniczanie wyników

1 Annals of Parasitology

1 Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Animal Science

1 Jaborowska-Jarmoluk M.

1 Kolodziejczyk L.

1 Kuzna-Grygiel W.

1 Mazurkiewicz-Zapalowicz K.

1 Nowak Z.

1 Zyczynski A.

1 2014

1 2013

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Comparison of the effect of the chosen species of saprotrophic fungi on the development of Toxocara canis and Ascaris suum eggs

Comparative behaviour analysis of some colubrids with reference to suitability of captive bred snakes for reintroduction to natural habitat