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1

Anisakid nematodes of the blackspot seabream, Pagellus bogaraveo, from Madeiran waters, Portugal

100%
Costa G., Madeira A., Pontes T., D'Amelio S.
Acta Parasitologica
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2004
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tom 49
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nr 2
Two hundred and eighty-one anisakid larvae were found encapsulated in stomachs and mesenteries of 69 blackspot seabreams, Pagellus bogaraveo from Madeiran waters. Ninety-four larvae were identified as Anisakis simplex s.s., Anisakis pegreffii (Type I larvae), Anisakis simplex s.l. (Type II larvae) and Hysterothylacium sp. Prevalence of infection with anisakids increased with host length from 81.3% to a maximum of 96.3%. Mean intensity ranged from 3.5 (at length class 25 cm) to 4.8 (at length class 35 cm), with the majority of fish infected with only 1 or 2 parasites. A positive but not significant correlation was found between intensity and length (rₛ = 0.0419, p = 0.717). The high values of prevalence and low values of intensity may indicate that the anisakid larvae are dispersed within their hosts. No particular histopathological lesions were found associated with the presence of the nematodes, corroborated by a positive but not significant correlation that was found between intensity and condition factor (rₛ = 0.242, p = 0.035).
2

Metazoan parasites from herring (Clupea harengus L.) as biological indicators in the Baltic Sea

67%
Unger P., Klimpel S., Lang T., Palm H. W.
Acta Parasitologica
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2014
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tom 59
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nr 3
Zoographical distribution of metazoan fish parasites in herring, Clupea harengus, from the Baltic Sea was analysed in order to use them as potential biological indicators. A total of 210 herring from six different sampling sites were investigated, harbouring 12 different parasite species [five digeneans (D), one cestode (C), three nematodes (N) and three acanthocephalans (A)]. The distribution of the parasite species differed according to region, with a distinct gradient of decreasing species richness towards the east of the Baltic Sea. The western localities at Kiel Bay, Rügen and Poland had the highest parasite diversity, including the marine parasite species Anisakis simplex (s.s.) (N), Brachyphallus crenatus and Hemiurus luehei (both D). The eastern localities had low parasite species richness, predominated by the freshwater digenean Diplostomum spathaceum. We could identify three different Baltic herring stocks, the spring-spawning herring of the western Baltic reaching from the Kattegat to the German and Polish coast, the stock of the central Baltic proper and the northern stock of C. harengus var. membras of the Gulf of Finland. The limited distribution of the herring parasites within the Baltic Sea enables their use as biological indicators for migration patterns and stock separation. The acanthocephalan Pomphorhynchus laevis that has already been used as an accumulation bioindicator for heavy metals was only recorded for the western herring stocks. However, the presence of mainly generalistic parasites and their uneven distribution patterns make their use as indicators for regional environmental and global change more difficult.
3

Anisakids of seals found on the Southern coast of Baltic Sea

67%
Skrzypczak M., Rokicki J., Pawliczka I., Najda K., Dzido J.
Acta Parasitologica
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2014
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tom 59
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nr 1
n the present study 5 grey seals (Halichoerus grypus), 3 common seals (Phoca vitulina) and 1 ringed seal (Pusa hispida) bycaught or stranded on the Polish Baltic Sea coast in years 2000-2006 were investigated for the infestation of parasitic anisakid nematodes. 749 of anisakids were found. The most common were: Contracaecum osculatum (59.3%) and Pseudoterranova decipiens (31.0%). There were also small numbers of Anisakis simplex (0.8%). After performing RFLP three sibling species were found. C. osculatum was identified as C. osculatum C, P decipiens was identified as P. decipiens sensu stricto and A. simplex — A. simplex sensu stricto. Nematodes found in seals were mostly in L4 and adult life stage — both of them were equal with some minor variations among the specimens. Sex ratio was also equal, but there was slight excess of males in some cases. There was a minority of L3 larvae belonging to A. simplex species (0.8%).
4

Recovery of Anisakid larvae by means of chloro-peptic digestion and proposal of the method for the official control

67%
Fraulo P., Morena C., Costa A.
Acta Parasitologica
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2014
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tom 59
|
nr 4
Anisakidae larvae belonging to the genera Anisakis and Pseudoterranova, are the most responsible for zoonosis transmitted by fish products (anisakidosis). Acquired by the consumption of raw or undercooked marine fish or squid, the anisakid larvae may cause pathogenic diseases like gastric or intestinal anisakiasis and gastro-allergic disorders. In accordance with current EU legislation, the fresh fish products must be inspected visually in order to detect the possible presence of visible parasites. It is recognized that the visual method is not accurate enough to detect the larvae of parasites in food preparations containing raw or practically raw seafood and it clearly emerges that the official system of control needs to be able to utilise an most efficient analytical technique. In this work, the authors have drawn up and validated an analytical method, which involves artificial digestion and the use of a heated magnetic stirrer, based on the EU Regulation n. 2075/2005. The larvae isolated are then subjected to morphological identification at genus level by using optical microscope. The method, proved to be suitable for the detection of live and dead larvae of anisakidae in ready-to-eat foodstuffs containing raw fish or cephalopods and it is fast and accurate. The method showed high levels of sensitivity and specificity, and the suitability of its use in official food control was confirmed. Its use should be incorporated systematically into specific monitoring programs for the control of foodstuffs containing raw fish products.
5

Occurrence of anisakid nematodes in Atlantic cod [Gadus morhua] and Greenland cod [Gadus ogac], West Greenland

67%
Mouritsen K. N., Hedeholm R., Schack H. B., Moller L. N., Storr-Paulsen M., Dzido J., Rokicki J.
Acta Parasitologica
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2010
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tom 55
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nr 1
81-89
6

Larval Hysterothylacium sp. [Nematoda, Anisakidae] and trematode metacercariae from the amphipod Paracorophium excavatum [Corophiidae] in New Zealand

67%
Luque J. L., Bannock L. M., Lagrue C., Poulin R.
Acta Parasitologica
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2007
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tom 52
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nr 2
Previously undescribed fourth-stage larvae of anisakid nematodes were found in the haemocoel of the amphipod Paracorophium excavatum (Thomson, 1884) (Corophiidae) in New Zealand. Morphological examination by light microscopy showed that the worms belonged to a species of Hysterothylacium Ward et Magath, 1917, based on several characters including the presence of interlabia, the location of the excretory pore posterior to the nerve ring, and the characteristics of the intestinal caecum and ventricular appendix. Interestingly, several male specimens showed precocious sexual development. This is the first record of fourth larval stage and precocious adult male specimens of Hysterothylacium in an invertebrate host, as well as the first record of anisakid larvae in New Zealand crustaceans. In addition, metacercariae of two trematode species, Coitocaecum parvum and Microphallus sp., are recorded for the first time from the amphipod P. excavatum.
7

A new species of Hysterothylacium (Ascaridoidea, Anisakidae) parasitic in Zenopsis conchifer (Zeiformes, Zeidae) from Argentinean waters

59%
Rossin M. A., Datri L. L., Incorvaia I. S., Timi J. T.
Acta Parasitologica
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2011
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tom 56
|
nr 3
A new species of parasitic nematode, Hysterothylacium spirale sp. nov. (Ascaridoidea, Anisakidae), is described based on specimens collected from the intestine and pyloric caeca of the silvery john dory Zenopsis conchifer (Lowe) (Zeiformes, Zeidae), from the Argentinean Shelf (35°05′–40°46′S, 53°03′–58°07′W). Among the 66 valid species described so far in the genus, the new species most closely resembles H. zenis (Baylis, 1929). Both species, apparently specific for fishes of the family Zeidae, share the shape of the dorsal lip, the long expanded lateral alae originating from subventral interlabia and the ornamentation of the tail tip, as well as general morphometry. The combination of these shared features distinguishes both species from all congeners so far known. However, the new species is distinguishable from H. zenis by having shorter interlabia, and consequently the lateral alae originating more posteriorly, shorter spicules, a smaller number of postcloacal papillae and the presence of two pairs of double postcloacal papillae.
8

Hysterothylacium japonicum sp.n. [Nematoda, Anisakidae] from the rare marine fish Trachipterus ishikawai in Japan

59%
Moravec F., Nagasawa K.
Acta Parasitologica
|
1998
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tom 43
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nr 1
A new anisakid nematode, Hysterothylacium japonicum sp. n. is described from a single female specimen collected from the stomach of the rare marine fish, Trachipterus ishikawai Jordan et Snyder, from the Sea of Japan (Toyama Bay). It is characterized mainly by the presence of broad cervical alae, shape and structure of lips, length of the caecum and ventricular appendix (11.43 and 6.35 mm, respectively) and their ratio (1:0.55), long and slender tail, and by unusually large body measurements (body length 181 mm). H. japonicum is the first species of adult ascaridoid nematodes reported from fishes of the order Lampridiformes.
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