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Nucleic acid content in different tissues in the freshwater fish N.notopterus in relation to sex was studied during Pre-spawning phase of the reproductive cycle. The fish were scarified and the tissues such as brain, liver, kidney and gonads removed and processed for determination of nucleic acids. It is observed that the nucleic acid content in different tissues of female fish has lower values than males. The results obtained in the present study may provide a contribution to the knowledge of the characteristics of nucleic acid as parameters of sexing the fish. The study also indicates that although male fish have higher values than female fish, both the sexes are biochemically and nutritionally better.
The study aimed at assessing the sodium and potassium content in chosen tissues and organs of free-ranging European bisons in Białowieża Primeval Forest depending on the gender and age of animals. In order to determine the content of elements in parenchymal tissues, ribs and hair, the ICP-OES method was used. In the hooves, sodium and potassium were determined with the help of ICP-MS. The sodium content in organs and skin appendages varied from 0.30 in hair to 4.77 mg g-1 in ribs. In the analysis of the age effect, some significant differences were observed between the investigated groups in the sodium content of the hoof wall, namely, a higher mean value was noted in young individuals. The potassium content in the examined samples was within the range of 0.96 in the hoof wall to 3.63 mg g-1 in kidneys. Significant age dependent differences were noted only in the ribs. Sodium and potassium concentrations in the hoof wall were correlated in a highly significant way. Similar dependences also appeared between the content of sodium and potassium in kidneys and liver and kidneys and muscles. On the basis of the results it can be concluded that the status of sodium and potassium supply in the European bison from Białowieża Forest is adequate.
Although the expression pattern of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) has been studied in several porcine tissues, it is notable that no data are available on CART expression in the lower urinary tract. In order to map and determine the neurochemical code of CART-like immunoreactivity in the intramural ganglia of the porcine urinary bladder trigone, cryostat sections were immunohistochemically double-stained for CART and HuC/D, as well as for substance P (SP), calbindin, somatostatin and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP). In the ganglia of the urinary bladder trigone, immunoreactivity to CART was detected both in numerous nerve fibres and in minor subpopulation of HuC/D-positive neuronal cell bodies (2.7 ± 0.8%). Neither CART-immunoreactive (IR) nerve fibres, nor CART-IR ganglionic neurons showed simultaneous expression of somatostatin, calbindin and SP. In a substantial proportion of CART-IR neurons (but not nerve fibres) co-localization with PACAP was found. This data suggest that CART present in nervous structures of the porcine urinary bladder may have a role in the parasympathetic regulation of several urinary bladder functions.
The level of accumulation of selected heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, As) in horse tissues belonging to four age groups, each containing 20 horses, was studied in order to determine the relationship between age and level of meat contamination. The content of the above mentioned elements was analyzed in horses killed between 2002 and 2005 to determine any year-to-year increase. In order to determine the chemical composition of the meat a sample was taken from the longissimus dorsi muscle at the height of the last thoracal vertebrae. The study showed that meat contamination rose with the age of horses and additionally depended on the year of killing.
A simple and sensitive method for the determination of ß-agonists in animal tissue and urine using thin layer and liquid chromatography was prepared. The development of the method involves optimization of sample clean-up (solid-phase extraction) and chromatographic separation and detection conditions. The recovery of salbutamol and clenbuterol from tissue and urine samples were above 80% and the limit of detection was 1 ng g-1. The method has been used on a routine scale for residue control in samples from meat-producing animals.
A sensitive liquid chromatographic method for the determination of doxycycline in animal tissues has been prepared and validated. The extraction of the analyte from biological matrix was performed with the solution of oxalic acid and ethyl acetate. The samples were cleaned up by solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure using a carboxylic acid cartridge. Chromatographic separation was carried out on the C8 analytical column and the mobile phase consisting of acetonitryle-methanol-0.02 M oxalic acid (20:15:65, v/v/v), with the detection by UV detector at λ = 355 nm. This method has been successfully validated and used for the quantitative determination of doxycycline in animal tissues samples. Recoveries from spiked samples were from 65% to 90%. The decision limits (CCα) were 110 µg/kg and 610 µg/kg for muscles and kidneys, respectively.
Endothelin (ET), originally characterized as a vasoconstrictive peptide, has been found to have many different biological functions, including acting as a local hormonal regulator of pressure, fluid, ions and neurotransmitters in the inner ear. The objective of this study was to examine and quantify the mRNA expression of the endothelin type A and B receptors (ETAR and ETBR) in the strial vascularies (StV) and non-strial tissues (NSt) of the cochlear lateral wall using the real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. The mouse tissue samples were harvested and RNA was extracted. RT was performed to obtain cDNA, and then the mRNA expression of each gene was measured via real-time PCR. We found that both receptor subtypes were expressed in the cochlear lateral wall, with a predominance of ETAR over ETBR. We showed that the mRNA expression of the two receptor subtypes was higher in the StV with a 1.8 times higher level of ETAR and an 8.1 times higher level of ETBR mRNAs than in the adjacent NSt of the lateral wall tissue. This study shows the existence and the quantity of ET receptor subtypes in the StV and NSt of the mouse cochlea. Our results suggest that an endothelin-mediated response via two different receptors, ETAR and ETBR, may play an important role in the physiological functions of the cochlear lateral wall by maintaining the homeostatic environment of the cochlea.
This work presents results of the research on the occurrence of Coxiella burnetii and Francisella tularensis in the tissues of wild-living animals and ticks collected from Drawsko County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship. The real-time PCR testing for the pathogens comprised 928 samples of animal internal organs and 1551 ticks. The presence of C. burnetii was detected in 3% of wild-living animals and in 0.45–3.45% (dependent on collection areas) of ticks. The genetic sequences of F. tularensis were present in 0.49 % of ticks (only in one location – Drawa) and were not detected in animal tissues. The results indicate respectively low proportion of animals and ticks infected with C. burnetii and F. tularensis.
Trace elements are important in appropriate organisms functioning. Among them manganese as well as silicon play essential roles. Manganese takes parts in composition of many enzymes, it is a cofactor of numerous enzymatic reactions, a structural element of skin and bones, it also prevents osteoporosis. Its very important role in reproduction processes and in central nervous system has been already stated. Silicon is a very important factor, which takes active part in vital processes, regenerating tissues and increasing general immunity of organism. It has basic meaning in metabolism of connective tissue, collagen formation and bone development and mineralization, cartilages, hair, nails, teeth in human and animals, and also in processes of convalescence and ageing of organism. The aim of our experiment was to estimate influence of manganese chloride on the concentration of silicone in mice tissues. It has been find out that doses of administered manganese as well as the duration of exposure have influence on silicon content in tissues.
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