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Sera of 500 inhabitants of north-eastern Poland, 450 suspected for Lyme borreliosis and 50 blood donors (control group), were analysed for the presence of IgG antibodies against Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of human anaplasmosis (HA), known so far as human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE). Forty one (9.1%) sera of the study group and one serum (2%) of the control group were positive using indirect fluorescence assay (IFA). The seropositivity tended to be more frequent among males (10.3%) than females (7.6%) and among the rural (10.3%) than urban population (7.5%); however, differences were of no statistical significance (p = 0.4). No age difference was found between the seropositive and the seronegative individuals (p = 0.77). The only factor increasing the risk of HA seropositivity found was forestry employment (p < 0.05). Additionally, a total of 559 Ixodes ricinus ticks, collected in the same area as sera, were investigated for the presence of A. phagocytophilum by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 41 (8.7%) of them were found to be positive. The infection level ranged from 2.3-13.7%, depending on the area studied. Bacteria were significantly less frequently detected in nymphs - 2.1% (5/235) than in adult ticks - 13.6% (44/324) and in males - 4.2% (74/165) than in females - 23.3% (37/159) (p ? 0.05). The obtained results confirm both the occurrence of HA foci in north-eastern Poland with I. ricinus as the principal vector of the A. phagocytophilum infection, and forestry workers as the main group at risk.
Theileriosis is a tick-borne disease of domestic and wild animals that cause devastating economic loss in livestock in tropical and subtropical regions. Theileriosis is not yet documented in the Philippines as compared to babesiosis and anaplasmosis which are considered major tick-borne diseases that infect livestock in the country and contribute major losses to the livestock industry. The study was aimed to detect Theileria sp. at genus level in blood samples of cattle using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Specifically, it determined the phylogenetic relationship of Theileria species affecting cattle in the Philippines to other Theileria sp. registered in the GenBank. A total of 292 blood samples of cattle that were collected from various provinces were used. Theileria sp. was detected in 43/292 from the cattle blood samples using PCR assay targeting the major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) gene. DNA sequence showed high similarity (90–99%) among the reported Theileria sp. isolates in the GenBank and the Philippine isolates of Theileria. Phylogenetic tree construction using nucleotide sequence classified the Philippine isolates of Theileria as benign. However, nucleotide polymorphism was observed in the new isolate based on nucleotide sequence alignment. It revealed that the new isolate can be a new species of Theileria.
In the present study, we aimed to provide information on the serum content of sialic acids (TSA, LBSA, and PBSA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in cattle affected with naturally acquired theileriosis and anaplasmosis. A total of 55 Holstein cattle, comprising of 15 clinically healthy control animals, 20 cattle with theileriosis, and 20 with anaplasmosis, were used. Diagnosis was based on clinical signs, Giemsa stained blood or lymph node aspirate, and PCR assay. For the PCR assay, Tams 1 primers were used. The obtained results suggested that the concentration of sialic acids and ADA activity were significantly higher; and TAC were significantly lower in the theileriosis and anaplasmosis groups in contrast to the control group. In conclusion, the increased level of sialic acids and ADA in theileriosis and anaplasmosis may be attributable to the stimulation of the host immune response. In contrast, the reduced level of TAC may reflect a decrease in the antioxidant capacity.
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