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The main objective of this work was anaerobic digestion of maize grains and maize silage and biogas production from these crops. Maize grains were treated using one-stage and two-stage anaerobic techniques; using hydrolysis and acidification as the first stage and methanogenesis as the second stage. Processing nonacidified maize grains in an anaerobic reactor is more stable, though the anaerobic degradation start-up period is longer, specific production of biogas is lower and excess sludge production is higher as from acidified maize grains. Maximum specific biogas production was 0.72 m³・kg⁻¹ of volatile suspended solids – VSS (nonacidified maize) (at 35℃) and 0.770 m³・kg⁻¹ VSS (acidified maize) during anaerobic digestion of maize grains. At average yield of 9 t・ha⁻¹ of dry maize 5,450 Nm³・ha⁻¹ of methane can be generated from nonacidified maize and 5,828 Nm³・ha⁻¹ methane from acidified maize grains. Due to low nitrogen content in maize silage, anaerobic digestion of maize silage is rather unstable. Alkali or complementary substrates with higher nitrogen content (e.g. excess sludge from wastewater treatment plant or manure) can be used for anaerobic process stabilization. Maximum measured biogas specific production from maize silage reached 0.655 m³・kg⁻¹ VSS. At average yield of 30 t・ha⁻¹ of the dry maize silage 9,058 Nm³・ha⁻¹ of methane can be generated.
Sugar beet pulp is a very suitable material for anaerobic biodegradation. This work investigates anaerobic treatment of sugar beet pulp in a pilot plant. The pilot plant consisted of an acidogenic reactor (volume 5.3 m(3)) and an methanogenic reactor (volume 3.5 m(3)). It was found that designed technology was convenient for both, high degradation of beet pulp dry matter and sufficient specific biogas production. Recommended organic loading rate for the acidogenic reactor was 20 kg, COD m(-3) d(-1), hydraulic retention time 4 days, and maximum content of acidified pulp (dry matter) in this reactor - 6-7%. During the operation period, the organic loading of the methanogenic reactor achieved was 21 kg COD m(-3) d(-1). Hydraulic retention time in this reactor varied from 27 days (at the loading 3 kg m(-1) d(-1)) to 3.9 days (at the loading 21 kg m(-1) d(-1)). An average value of specific biogas production was 0.391 m(3) per kg of dried beet pulp added. The average efficiency of dried pulp matter degradation was 91.5%.
The subject of this study was an assessment of the effectiveness of hygienization of pig slurry during the methane fermentation process. The basic criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of the process was the inactivation rate of Salmonella Senftenberg (W775, H2S negative) and the eggs of Ascaris suum. Bacteria suspensions were introduced into slurry inside microbiological carriers of the FILTER-SANDWICH type, while parasite eggs were in special perlon parasitological carriers. The obtained results indicate that during anaerobic digestion of slurry there occurred a rapid elimination of both Salmonella Senftenberg (W775, H2S negative) and Ascaris suum eggs. The shape of the regression line shows that the complete inactivation of Salmonella Senftenberg (W775, H2S negative) occurred between the 12th and 13th hour of the process. Ascaris suum eggs were completely eliminated after 4 hours. Study results suggest that even in the case of strong contamination of the feed material, the technology of anaerobic digestion guarantees obtaining a microbiologically safe product.
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