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Early cabbage was grown in a field experiment in two treatments, with and without weed control, to test the following fertilizers: ammonium nitrate and Entec 26-a, a new formula nitrogen fertilizer containing a DMPP nitrification inhibitor, applied in single preplant or split doses, and calcium cyanamide (Perlka), supplied only prior to the planting of cabbage. All the sources of N were used in amounts supplying 150 kg N ha-1. The fertilizer Perlka was applied 2 weeks before planting cabbage transplants, while Entec 26 and ammonium nitrate were introduced to soil 3 days before that. All the fertilizers were incorporated into the soil by harrowing. In the treatments with split N application, top dressing was conducted just after the cabbage plants were uncovered, which took place 3-4 weeks after transplanting. The experiment was established in a one factorial design with four replications. The results proved high efficiency of nitrogen fertilization, which – when applied at a dose of 150 kg N ha-1 - enhanced the yield of early cabbage by about 50% compared to the treatment without N fertilization and weed control. Ammonium nitrate and Entec 26 appeared to be equally valuable sources of this nutrient, both in single and split doses, in each year of the investigation. Calcium cyanamide produced the highest marketable yield of heads with a significantly lower mean content of nitrates in edible parts. Another big advantage of this N source is its high efficiency in reducing weed infestation during the whole vegetation period.
Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)-based controlled release fertilizers with ammonium nitrate or carbamide were prepared using microwave irradiation. The obtained hydrogels were characterized by swelling behavior and ammonium ion release. It has been found that at higher amounts of crosslinker (N,N`-methylenebisacrylamide), the hydrogel network chains became less flexible. It causes a decrease in the swelling ratio of the hydrogel. The swelling of hydrogels containing ammonium nitrate decreased with increased concentrations of ammonium nitrate. The reason is the presence of ionic groups during agrochemicals’ release in water. These ions prevent water molecules from diffusion into the hydrogels, thus decreasing the swelling capacity of the hydrogels. The release rate is the highest during the first 24 hours, then reaches a plateau.
The aim of the pot experiment was to determine the impact of timing of nitrogen application in the form of ammonium nitrate enriched with the 15N isotope, on the uptake of 15N by spring barley plant and its distribution in grain, awns, leaves, straw, and roots. 1.21 g of N per pot containing 10 kg of the soil was applied at two doses: 2/3 before the sowing, and 1/3 at the tillering phase or at the stalk-shooting phase. The distribution of the applied nitrogen, assumed as 100%, was the highest in grain (61.5%), and the lowest in roots (4%). The mean nitrogen utilisation coefficient value (%) measured with the difference method was 86.9 %, and that for the isotope dilution method – 61.0%. Postponing the time of nitrogen application from the tillering to the stalk-shooting phase differentiated the nitrogen utilisation coefficient value, which was higher for the difference method than for the isotope dilution method and it amounted to +32.3% at the tillering.
Investigations on the acidification dynamics of grassland soil not limed (acidification) and renewed acidification after soil liming ( reacidification) related to ammonium nitrate (AN) and calcium nitrate (CN) fertilisation in three long-term grassland experiments (started in 1981) have been performed. The experiments were set up in randomised blocks in 4 repetitions in 1981, and were localised in the Mazowieckie voivodeship. The soils under the experiments differed in their physical and chemical properties. Lime (CaCO3) was used once directly on the sward, at the beginning of the experiments in doses related to hydrolytic acidity levels 1 Hh and 2 Hh. Two doses of nitrogen (N1 - 120, N2 - 240 kg/ha) in the AN form, and since spring 1992 in CN form were used. Phosphorus and potassium were applied at constant doses. The pHKCl level of each 5 cm soil layer down to 25 cm depth from cach fertilising treatment was measured. The recognition of specific dynamic of acidification and reaciditleation in the separate 5 cm layers, on the background of different soil properties, doses and forms of nitrogen fertilisers can be helpful in characterising the N transformation processes as well as nutrient consumption by the herbage, the roots mass of which is contained mostly in 0-15 cm upper soil layer.
Wyniki przeprowadzonych w latach 2003-2005 badań polowych dowiodły, że Entec 26 - zawierający dodatek inhibitora nitryfikacji DMPP (fosforan 3,4- dwumetylo pirazolowy) - okazał się skuteczniejszym nawozem azotowym w upra­wie selera korzeniowego, aniżeli saletra amonowa, pod warunkiem podzielenia całej dawki N na część przedwegetacyjną i pogłówną. Użycie go w taki sposób zapewniło wzrost plonu handlowego roślin średnio o 11,2%, w porównaniu do równoważnych dawek saletry amonowej. Korzyścią wynikającą ze stosowania nawozu Entec 26 była ponadto mniejsza zawartość azotanów w korzeniach spich­rzowych przy zbiorze, co uwidoczniło się szczególnie przy wysiewie całej dawki azotu przedwegetacyjnie. Niezależnie od rodzaju nawozu, optymalna dawka azotu dla selera korzeniowego wynosiła 225 kg N·ha⁻¹.
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