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Measurements were made of the droplet size for a series of air induction flat fan nozzles produced by Marian Mikołajczak Agro Technology (MMAT) and Coorstek. The MMAT nozzles, according to International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard sizes, are typical single jet (long body, 37 mm) with 025, 03, and 04 orifice sizes; (short body, 21 mm) with 02, 025, 03 and 04 orifice sizes; and twin jet (short body, 21 mm) with 03 and 04 orifice sizes. Ceramic air induction flat fan nozzles of the Albuz AVI series (Coorstek, France) with the orifice size 01, 02 and 03 were tested. The sprays were described using the following droplet size parameters: Dv10, Dv50, Dv90, relative span (RS), spray volume (%) in size fractions < 100 μm and 100÷200 μm. The sprays were also classified according to American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE) standard S572.1 (ASAE 2009).
The subject of the performed experiments comprised standard XR 110 02, XR 110 04 nozzles, TT 110 02, TT 110 04 nozzles and AI 110 02, AI 110 04 air induction nozzles. The working speed of spraying was vp = 7 km/h. Each nozzle was tested at the following three levels of working pressures: p1 = 0.2 MPa, p2 = 0.4 MPa ad p3 = 0.6 MPa. The spray liquid was pure water at the temperature of 20°C. The plant coverage was determined: sk – spray coverage, nk – number of droplets per 1 cm2. The analysis of results of maize spraying showed that both standard nozzles and both TT nozzles achieved better results with number of droplets and degree of surface coverage for each of applied operating pressure. The lowest results from all examined kind of nozzles for number of droplets achieved injector nozzles (AI). For operating pressure 0.4 MPa nozzles fulfilled agrotechnical requirements for using insecticids, herbicides and fungicides.
The subject of the performed experiments comprised standard RSMM 110-02, RSMM 110-02 nozzles, AI 110-02, AI 110-02 air induction nozzles as well as AZMM 110-02, AZMM 110-03 low drift nozzles. The working speed during spraying was vp = 7 km/h. Each sprayer was tested at the following three levels of working pressures: p1 = 0.2 MPa, p2 = 0.4 MPa and p3 = 0.6 MPa. The spray liquid was pure water at the temperature of 20°C. The plant coverage was determined: sk – spray coverage, nk – number of droplets per 1 cm2 of the leaf
In greenhouse trials in 1998-1999, the effects of using new spray techniques on the activity of two herbicides for broad-leaved weeds control were examined. Also retention of spray solution containing herbicides with and without addition of oil adjuvant on Chenopodium album and Sinapsis alba leaves was measured. Results showed that air induction and convcntional flat fan nozzle gave similar control of tested plants, except Chenopodium album control where fine sprays applied with conventional flat fan nozzle improved efficacy comparcd with very course spray obtained with air induction nozzle. Also results showed that oil adjuvant addition cnhanced biological efficacy for all nozzles, regardless of using herbicide and controlled plant species. Droplet size was the most important factor determining spray retention and activity of herbicides. Efficacy of spray retention depends on the wetting characteristics of the plant, spray application and solution factors.
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