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We present the results of investigations of microorganisms present in aerosol emitted by selected devices of two mechanical-biological wastewater treatment plants (“Debogorze” and “Gdańsk-Wschód”). In 2002, 5 series of measurements were conducted at each of the plants. The samples of air were collected by means of sedimentation method (PN-89/Z-04008/08) and by means of filtration method, using an air sampler produced by Merck. Apart from measurements of microbiological analyses, consisting of determinations of the total number of psychrophillic and mezophillic bacteria, manitol-positive and manitol-negative staphylococcus, hemolysing staphylococcus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, coliform bacteria and the number of spores of phycomycetes, weather conditions were also monitored. The most numerous microorganisms in the monitored air were psychrophillic bacteria and spores of phycomycetes. The number of psychrophillic bacteria varied in the wide range from 14 to 5255 CFU/m3, the number of mezophillic bacteria changed from 1 to 1324 CFU/m3, the number of staphylococcus – from 1 to 150 CFU/m3, the numbers of Pseudomonas fluorescens and the coliforms varied from a few to 50 CFU/m3 and the spores of phycomycetes varied from a few to 5,250 CFU/m3 of air (collected by means of Merck air sampler). It was found out that in both plants the main sources of microorganisms were sludge recirculation chambers and sand traps. The air around aeration chambers of activated sludge contained similar numbers of microorganisms as the background. It was proved that the sampling method is of critical effect on measurement results. The number of microorganisms detected in the samples collected by means of sedimentation method was by one order of magnitude higher than in the samples collected by means of filtration method (using air sampler), allowing for strict control of the filtered air volume.
Research was conducted for the present paper on microbiological contamination of the air within the City of Toruń. It follows from the studies conducted that microorganisms occurred in greater numbers in the air within the area of the Old Town than in the Rubinkowo residential district. The number of microorganisms in the air was subject to seasonal changes. The highest numbers of heterotrophic mesophylic bacteria (CFU 37°C) were found in the summer season and the lowest in the winter season. The majority of isolated bacteria belonged to Gram positive forms - bacilli or cocci. A significant proportion of the isolated bacteria displayed antibiotic resistance to commonly used antibiotics.
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Cladosporium spores in the air of Szczecin

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Moulds are common aeroallergens and Cladosporium is considered to be the most prevalent of them. The objective of the studies was to determine the seasonal variation in concentrations of Cladosporium spores due to meteorological parameters. The meteorological parameters analysed were maximum air temperature, relative humidity, amount of precipitation and wind speed. The greatest threat from Cladosporium allergens was posed from the middle of May (2004, 2006) and June (2005) till the middle of October (2005) and in the end of October (2004) till the middle of November (2006). Statistically significant correlations were found among the Cladosporium spore count in the air and maximum air temperature in all the analysed seasons, and amount of precipitation only in one season. The spore count of Cladosporium was determined by weather conditions, especially by air temperature.
In this work an attempt has been made to determine the quality of atmospheric air and soil polluted by different emission sources (i.e. motorways, railways, coal fuel combustion in house furnaces, long-term range emission from Třinec, Czechoslovakia) in Wisła. The 180 air samples and 60 soil samples were collected in different zones in Wisła. In Wisła there are two linear emission sources: a motorway (average street traffic volume 324 vehicles/h) and a railway, which is in the centre of Wisła. Some parameters which characterise atmospheric air and soil quality were calculated. Investigation of the heavy metal content in air and soil was carried out in a residual area (coal fuel combustion) and in a "clean" area near Wisła (only long-term emissions from Czechoslovakia). The possible hazardous effects on the town's population are discussed.
This work discusses the influence of the human being on concebtrations and mobility of aeroions in the atmosphere. The performed investigations show that the concentration of anions decreases, in the vicinity of the human, on about 26 - 44%. This is the result of their recombination with charges existing in the human body. In the process of breathing there are no crucial changes to the concentration of ions of both polarisation, while there is a conciderable increase, by several hundred percent, in the number of large ions.
The distribution of arsenic in the region of Katowice is described. In the sedimentation velocity of arsenic different related from distance of distribution in rainy period and sun period. For the given direction wind the surface load of suspended dust were investigated. The concentration of arsenic in air and in fallout changed in relation to wind velocity and inversion layer height.
A tracheotomy tube, as well as the stoma through which it is inserted into the patient’s throat, may represent a potential risk of fungal infections for patients suffering from larynx cancer. The study was aimed at evaluating the influence of the hospital room environment on the fungal colonisation of tracheotomy tubes in the case of patients diagnosed with larynx cancer and operated on in the Laryngology ward. The mycological research was carried out in the rooms of the Laryngology ward, from which 105 air samples were collected. Twenty-two Portex and metal tracheostomy tubes collected from 13 patients diagnosed with larynx cancer. Fungi were cultured on 15 tracheostomy tubes: moulds were isolated from 3 of these tubes, and fungi belonging to the genus Candida from the remaining 12. The simultaneous occurrence of the same moulds in the air and on the tracheotomy tubes was observed only in one case (Aspergillus flavus). In conclusion, the same moulds observed in the air can sometimes also be found on the tracheotomy tubes used by patients diagnosed with larynx cancer. Yeast-like fungi are isolated from tracheotomy tubes much more frequently than moulds, and this requires further mycological research.
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