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The paper presents the analysis of technical equipment of Polish agriculture in spatial aspect. The investigation was carried out on voivodeship level with the application of classical and fuzzy methods of linear ordering and classification of objects. The research was based on the data from Agricultural Census conducted in 2010 and on the data from the Central Office of Geodesy and Cartography. As a result of application of the statistical procedures ranking of voivodeships was obtained and in consequence the division of voivodeships into three groups of high, moderate and low level of technical equipment of agriculture.
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In this essay based on the example of the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation – State Research Institute in Puławy it has been shown that agricultural science constitutes a significant support for the development of the bioeconomy. The results of research are being introduced into practice through the consultative and advisory services. The Institute operates under the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. It carries out research dedicated to agricultural environmental planning and plant production technology. The main directions of the research are convergent with the strategic areas of bioeconomy. However, it is vital to improve the effectiveness of the transfer of the results of the agricultural research into practice realizing the idea of the development of bioeconomy. What is also important, is undertaking new research determined by the needs of bioeconomy, simultaneously increasing the innovative and competitive aspects of agri-food sector in Poland.
A number of governments support their fanning sector by providing various forms of assistance. Many countries maintain publicly funded research institutions aimed at the development of agricultural technology. Past studies examined the benefits from the development and commercialization of agricultural and food technology. In general, although the immediate benefits occur to the early adopters (i.e., farmers who pioneer the application of the new technology), ultimately, the rewards are also felt by consumers. Consumers either benefit from a price decline or from the improved quality of a good. Often times, however, consumers are unaware of the link between the investment of public funds in technology development and the long term benefits they receive. Yet the support of consumers for the publicly funded research is essential. This paper examines the perceptions held by consumers with regard to the benefits from research on new agricultural technology in the Republic of Korea. In particular, we identify factors influencing consumer perception of benefits that occur to them and to farmers. The difference in perception could result from the timing of receiving the benefits because, typically, farmers gain before consumers can experience a price decrease or quality improvement. By knowing the perception differences, decision-makers in the public and private sector can improve the communication with the public about the short- and long-term benefits from research in agricultural and food technology. Improved communication helps to secure the lasting support for the public funding of such technology.
The extreme soil compaction and standard indices for Estonian soils sted to sustainable crop production are worked out which could be a basis for chracterizing the agro-ecological conditions for some particular soils. Comparison of measurements showed, that increase of subsoil hardness by compaction is mostly visible in soils with relatively weak agro-technical capability (90 and 120 kPa). The penetration resistance of arable soils is quite different depending on Estonian area. We are briefly introducing our results concerning the influence of soil compaction on penetration resistance of different soils in Estonia, on uptake of nutrients and new viewpoints concerning the changes in cellualar fluid pH of barley as depended on the soil compaction. Concerning degree of intracellular fluid pH we could conclude that this method is rather sensitive and allows us to find out plausible relations between the CpH compaction of soil and the level of the nitrogen fertilizer. Our contribution to this work justified itself and allowed us to analyse from a new point of view the positive as well as negative aspects of the effect of soil compaction and level of nitrogen fertilizer. Without nitrogen fertilizer the influence of soil compaction is rather negative. The effect of soil bulk density on cellular fluid pH of barley leaves generally depends on the number of passes. The experiment showed also that stronger decrease of nutrient content started at the same soil bulk densityvalue, at which the cellular fluid pH quickly increased. If the soil bulk density- increased up to level of 1.52-1.54 Mg·m⁻³, the cellular fluid pH increased very quickly.
The subject of the work is to discuss the regional aspects in the work of the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute in Puławy (henceforth referred to as ISSPC-SRI). All spheres of the Institute’s activity have been taken into account during the analysis. The basic sources of information were research plans, reports and publications whose authors were ISSPC-SRI employees. According to the analysis, regional aspects are reflected in ISSPC-SRI research conducted as part of statutory activities, long-term program and various types of projects. Regional aspects are conspicuous both in the diagnosis of the current condition and in forecasting changes in agriculture. They enrich, broaden and objectify assessments. They are also the premises for improving systems of agricultural advisory and strategic planning.
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