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1

Disturbances of anti-oxidative balance in rats caused by aflatoxin B1

100%
Wojtowicz-Chomicz K., Stadnik A., Kowal M., Sztanke K., Sztanke M., Borzecki A.
Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy
|
2011
|
tom 55
|
nr 1
The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB1) on total antioxidant status (TAS). The studies were conducted on Wistar male rats weighing 190-200 g. The animals were given for 7 d varied doses of AFB1, from 0.5 mg/kg b.w. to 2 mg/kg b.w. TAS and concentration of uric acid were determined in blood serum. The administration of AFB1 caused a decrease in TAS value, the most significant in the rats, which received the highest dose. AFB₁ disturbed the second line of defence against free radicals, which was proved by an increase in the second line defence antioxidant, i.e. uric acid.
2

Occurrence of AF, AFB1, OTA in rice commercialized in eastern Turkey

84%
Buyukunal S. K., Kahraman T., Ciftcioglu G. R.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2010
|
tom 19
|
nr 5
A total of 100 rice samples were collected from five provinces (Kars, Agri, Erzurum, Igdir, and Ardahan) in eastern Turkey. Samples were investigated for total aflatoxin (AF), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and ochratoxin A (OTA) levels. The results show that AF levels in 65 (65.0%), AFB1 levels in 35 (35.0%), and OTA levels in 38 (38.0%) of 100 samples were higher than the detection limits. AF and AFB1 levels in all samples were at tolerable limits. OTA levels in 3 samples have been found higher than the legal limits. The highest OTA level in the samples was found in winter season due to climatic conditions, especially relative humidity. Additionally, rice is mainly contaminated by AF, AFB1 and OTA. In Turkey, contamination in rice could be a relatively critical point for human health. Therefore, it is necessary to have an appropriate method for cereal preservation during distribution to consumers and markets.
3

Detoxification of aflatoxin B1 and change in microflora pattern by probiotic in vitro fermentation of broiler feed

84%
Slizewska K., Smulikowska S.
Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences
|
2011
|
tom 20
|
nr 2
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of spontaneous fermentation and that with the use of probiotic bacteria and yeast on aflatoxin B1 concentration and the microflora pattern during fermentation. The probiotic preparation used contained bacteria resistant to gastric juice and bile: Lactobacillus paracasei LOCK 0920, Lactobacillus brevis LOCK 0944, Lactobacillus plantarum LOCK 0945, as well as live yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae LOCK 0140 of high fermenting capacity. After 6-h fermentation with the probiotic, in feed mixture with a low concentration of aflatoxin B1 (1 mg/kg), the amount of aflatoxin B1 decreased by 55%. In the case of a high concentration (5 mg/kg) the decrease in aflatoxin B1 was about 39%. This tendency was sustained during the following hours of incubation (12th and 24th h). The application of probiotic bacteria and yeasts resulted in the reduction of aerobic spore forming bacteria.
4

The effect of a single dose of aflatoxin B1 on the value of nucleolar index of blood lymphocytes and on histological changes in the liver, bursa Fabricii, suprarenal glands and spleen in ducklings

84%
Slowik J., Graczyk S., Madej J. A.
Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica
|
1985
|
tom 23
|
nr 1-2
5

The biotransformation of chosen mycotoxins

84%
Gajecka M., Jakimiuk E., Zielonka L., Obremski K., Gajecki M.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
|
2009
|
tom 12
|
nr 2
293-303
Despite the unfavourable influence of mycotoxins on human and animal health and few toxi- cological aspects that have been documented, about these biologically active substances has not been explored. Aiming at more knowledge and a better understanding of the effects and mechanism of mycotoxin action in mammals would provide the basics for developing strategies to restrain different mycotoxicoses. One of the processes not fully understood is biotransformation, to which mycotoxins are subjected the animal organism. Biotransformation is the conversion of mycotoxins to non-toxic metabolites and occurs mostly in the intestinal mucosal membrane and liver, although other tissues and systems also take part in this process. Mycotoxin biotransformation reactions can be considered bioinactivation or detoxication, but mycotoxin biotransformation processes could also result in products more toxic than the mycotoxin. It can be concluded from research studies that our knowledge of mycotoxin biotransformation is scarce.
6

Analysis of molecular variability among isolates of Aspergillus flavus by PCR-RFLP of the ITS regions of rDNA

84%
Mohankumar M., Vijayasamundeeswari A., Karthikeyan M., Mathiyazhagan S., Paranidharan V., Velazhahan R.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2010
|
tom 50
|
nr 4
A total of seventeen isolates of Aspergillus flavus from maize were collected from different agro-ecological zones of Tamil Nadu, India. The isolates were tested for their ability to produce aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in vitro by indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The amount of AFB1 produced by the isolates of A. flavus ranged from 1.9 to 206.6 ng/ml. Among the various isolates of A. flavus, the isolate AFM46 produced the highest amount of AFB1. DNA was extracted from A. flavus isolates and their molecular variability was investigated by using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the PCR-amplified internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA. PCR amplification with ITS1 and ITS4 primers resulted in the amplification of a product of approximately 600 bp. Digestion of the PCR products with the restriction enzymes EcoRI, HaeIII and TaqI produced fragments of different sizes. Analysis of the genetic coefficient matrix derived from the scores of RFLP profiles showed that minimum and maximum per cent similarities among the tested A. flavus strains ranged from 0 to 88%. Cluster analysis using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) clearly separated the isolates into five groups (group I–V) confirming the genetic diversity among the A. flavus isolates from maize.
7

Effect of detoxified aflatoxin B1 contaminated products on some in vivo and in vitro plant physiological systems

84%
Das C., Mishra H. N.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2001
|
tom 23
|
nr 3
8
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Prevalence of microscopic filamentous fungi in poultry processing plant and concentration of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A in eggs

84%
Laciakova A., Mate D., Pipova M., Pastorova B., Laciak V., Bakosova A.
Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy
|
2001
|
tom 45
|
nr 1
The composition of mycoflora in storage rooms, and other rooms in a poultry-processing plant, as well as on the surfaces of egg shells was observed. The concentrations of both aflatoxin B₁ and ochratoxin A were determined in the shell eggs at room temperature and humidity, at a higher temperature and humidity, and in the eggs previously contaminated by Aspergillus flavus. We found that there was a reciprocal correlation between the presence of microscopic filamentous fungi in the air and on the working tables (Cladosporium spp. 45.5%, Penicillium spp. 36.4%, Mucor spp. 9.0%). The penetration of mycotoxins through the egg shell was relatively low and the residue limit of aflatoxin B₁ allowed (5 μg.kg⁻¹) was not exceeded in any sample of egg tested. However, the residue limit of ochratoxin A (20 μg.kg⁻¹) was exceeded in one case.
9
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Elimination of aflatoxin B1 in broiler chicks by clinoptilolite

84%
Skalicka M., Makoova Z.
Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy
|
1999
|
tom 43
|
nr 2
During 19-day study with broiler poultry, broiler chicks were fed diet containing clinoptilolite as supplement at the concentrations of 3% and 5%. At the same time, the following parameters were observed: activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and body weight of broiler chicks. ALP activity in broiler chicks (groups G4, G5, and G6) fed aflatoxin B₁ was enhanced during all days of the observation in comparison with the control broiler chicks G1. Significant increase in ALP (P ≤ 0.05) was recorded from day 42 of the age onwards in group G4 of broiler chicks in comparison with the control group G1. Significant increase in ALP (P ≤ 0.01) was recorded from day 42 of the age onwards in group G5 of broiler chicks in comparison with the broiler chicks in group G2 and significant increase in ALP (P ≤ 0.01) was recorded onwards in group G6 of broiler chicks in comparison with the broiler chicks in group G3. Significant increase in ALP (P ≤ 0.05) was recorded from day 49 of the age onwards in group G5 of broiler chicks in comparison with the broiler chicks in group G2 and in group G6 of broiler chicks in comparison with the broiler chicks in group G3. The body weight of broiler chicks from group G2 (supplementation with 3% clinoptilolite) was 229.33 g higher in comparison with the control group G1. In group G3 fed feed mixture supplement with 5% concentration of clinoptilolite, the final mean body weight was only 179.33 g higher in comparison with the control group G1. The results of our study suggest that clinoptilolite as mineral non-nutritional supplement in feed mixture may protect from the effect of aflatoxin B₁ in young growing broilers. The supplementation of poultry diet with 3% clinoptilolite proved to be a suitable method to reduce the risk of the adverse effects of aflatoxin B₁ on poultry organism.
10

Prevalence of aflatoxin B1 contamination in pre- and post-harvest maize kernels, food products, poultry and livestock feeds in Tamil Nadu, India

67%
Vijayasamundeeswari A., Mohankumar M., Karthikeyan M., Vijayanandraj S., Paranidharan V., Velazhahan R.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2009
|
tom 49
|
nr 2
221-224
Aflatoxins, a group of mycotoxins mainly produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, have adverse health effects on humans and livestock that ingest aflatoxin- contaminated food products and feeds. To secure the safety of food and feed, regular monitoring of aflatoxin levels is necessary. In order to understand the magnitude of aflatoxin contamination, a survey was conducted in different agro-ecological zones of Tamil Nadu, India and 242 samples consisting of pre- and post-harvest maize kernels, food products, poultry and livestock feeds were collected from farmers' fields, poultry farms, retail shops and supermarkets and analyzed for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination by enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using antiserum raised against aflatoxin B1-Bovine serum albumin (AFB1-BSA). The results indicated that 61.3% of the maize kernel samples were contaminated with AFB1 and the levels of AFB1 in 26% of the pre- and post-harvest maize kernels exceeded 20 μg/kg. The highest level of AFB1 (245 μg/kg) was recorded in post-harvest maize kernel samples. In food products AFB1 was detected only in two samples out of 30 samples tested. Furthermore, the levels ranged from 0.6 to 3.7 μg/kg. In poultry feeds, AFB1 was detected in 30 out of 53 samples and the levels ranged from 0.7 to 31.6 μg/kg. Among the 40 livestock feed samples evaluated 29 samples were contaminated with AFB1 at level ranging from 1.8 to 244.9 μg/kg.
11

Effects of aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, patulin, citrinin, and zearalenone on the in vitro proliferation of pig blood lymphocytes

67%
Stec J., Zmudzki J., Rachubik J., Szczotka M.
Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy
|
2009
|
tom 53
|
nr 1
129-134
The effects of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁), ochratoxin A (OTA), patulin (PAT), citrinin (CIT), and zearalenone (ZEA) on in vitro response of pig peripheral blood mononuclear cells to mitogen concanavalin A was assayed after three days of incubation using ³H- thymidine uptake. Dose response curves for each mycotoxin were generated and the concentrations producing 50% inhibition of cell proliferation (IC₅₀) were estimated. AFB₁, OTA, and PAT were the most potent toxins with the IC₅₀ of 0.06, 0.17, and 0.19 µmol/L, respectively (0.2, 0.7, and 0.3 µg/mL, respectively). Based on the molar concentration, the inhibition potencies relative to that of AFB₁ were determined. OTA had 35% and PAT 31% potency to that of AFB₁, but CIT and ZEA had only 1.6 and 1.9 of AFB₁ inhibition potencies.
12

Oznaczanie zawartosci aflatoksyny B1 w paszach metoda immunoenzymatyczna - ocena testu RIDASCREEN aflatoxin B1

67%
Kozak A., Wisniewska-Dmytrow H., Zmudzki J.
Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna
|
1995
|
tom 28
|
nr 4
383-387
Przedstawiono ocenę przydatności testu immunoenzymatycznego Ridascreen® Af- latoxin B, do oznaczania zawartości aflatoksyny B, w paszach. Wartość testu oceniono przeprowadzając równolegle analizy porównawcze badanych pasz zalecaną metodą chromatografii cieczowej. Przeprowadzona ocena statystyczna uzyskanych wyników świadczy o istotnej zgodności między obu metodami.
13

The thyroxine level and blood serum profiles in ducklings, after chronic aflatoxin B1 administration

67%
Graczyk S., Zawadzki W., Kotonski B., Malicki A., Orda J.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Medicina Veterinaria
|
2002
|
tom 01
|
nr 1
14

Rozporzadzenie Komisji Wspolnoty Europejskiej [WE] Nr 1525-98 Z dnia 16 lipca 1998 roku Zmieniajace Rozporzadzenie [WE] Nr 194-97 z 31 stycznia 1997 roku ustanawiajace maksymalne poziomy zanieczyszczen w produktach zywnosciowych

59%
Żywność, Żywienie a Zdrowie
|
1999
|
tom 08
|
nr 1
38-45
15

Wystepowanie aflatoksyn i ich prekursorow w paszach i w mleku

51%
Domagala J., Kisza J.
Acta Academiae Agriculturae ac Technicae Olstenensis. Technologia Alimentorum
|
1996
|
nr 29
105-113
16

Plesnie i ich toksyny a bezpieczenstwo zywnosci

51%
Popowski J.
Żywność Żywienie Prawo a Zdrowie
|
2000
|
tom 09
|
nr 1
109-114
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