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Man’s connection with the dog has lasted thousands of years. Over that period, humans have influenced the physical characteristics and behavior of Canis familiaris through the process of artificial selection. The role of the domestic dog, however, has been changing along with human civilization, rendering some traits of canine behavior undesirable. The innate inclination of Canis familiaris to display aggression may influence its interaction with humans. Dogs whose behavior diverges from the norms approved by society are often placed in shelters for animals, which take care of homeless animals as well as of pets left by their owners. Consequently, animal shelters have to deal with dogs exhibiting various forms of aggressive behavior. The identification of these behavioral problems is extremely important if the animals are to be offered for adopted. In order to detect abnormal behavior in dogs, animal shelters use a number of methods, the most popular of which are various behavioral tests. The tests, however, have certain drawbacks and are not very effective in discovering behavioral problems in dogs. That is why animal shelters ought to use only reliable tests and discuss all important aspects of the dog’s behavior with its potential new owner. It is necessary to use a comprehensive approach in identifying the risks related to the dog’s aggressive behavior.
The aim of this study was to verify the stereotypes about black dogs and to assess the extent to which they affect the decisions of new owners on whether to adopt a dog from a shelter. The results of three questionnaires carried out in 2010-2012 were analyzed. The first one was addressed to randomly selected respondents (100 persons); its purpose was to assess the stereotypes that remain in the society concerning black colored dogs. The second one was addressed to breeders of pedigree dogs of such breeds as Labrador Retriever, Newfoundland, Shar-pei and Doberman (10 breeders of each breed), which according to the FCI (Fédération Cynologique Internationale) breed standard have several acceptable colors, including black. A third one was filled in by people who have undergone the procedure related to the adoption of a dog in an animal shelter (60 persons). The results were statistically analyzed; analysis of the frequency of positive and negative answers was used, the significance of differences in the strength of association between variables was evaluated. The results indicate that dogs with a black coat were preferred. However, responding to questions on the appearance of aggressive and dangerous animals, most people selected big dogs of a black color. It has been demonstrated that the stereotype of black dogs is present in our society and the black dog is still considered to be aggressive. The education and gender of respondents had no influence on their responses. Despite the existing stereotypes, data collected in the Polish animal shelters have indicated that black dogs are adopted more frequently than dogs of other colors. The color, in most cases, did not matter, and what decided about the adoption of a specific dog was its attractive appearance and resemblances to a particular race. It was also determined that the term „black dog syndrome” in Polish society refers to an irrational anxiety and fear of black dogs.
The aim of the study was to elaborate and verify a social test for adult dogs, taking into account training and maintenance. In total, 157 dogs (male and female) aged from 1 to 4 years were studied. All dogs came from breeds registered in the Polish Kennel Club. Two groups were selected: 1) trained dogs which passed the utility (IPO) or obedience (PT - after Polish regulations) exam and 2) untrained dogs. Dogs were divided into two maintenance groups: house-maintained dogs and kennel dogs. In the Department of Pet Breeding and Wildlife Management of the University of Life Sciences in Lublin a social test for adult dogs has been developed. The test is based on American temperament tests and Polish psychic tests performed on chosen dog breeds. The test consists of seven trials which estimate if the dog behaves safely to strangers and known people in daily situations. In the present study trained dogs obtained the highest results (p ≤ 0.01) in comparison to untrained dogs. Dogs in house maintenance also obtained better results (p ≤ 0.05) than kennel dogs, which had limited contact with their owners. The social test can be used as an auxiliary tool for veterinarians in order to assess dogs’ psyche during medical examinations and advise dog owners on the control of bad dog behaviour, in animal hotels, where the preliminary assessment of dogs’ behaviour can help avoid problems with the animals, and in dog shelters or animal clinics which offer dogs for adoption.
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