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60 White Koluda W31® geese (30 females and 30 males) constituted the experimental material. The birds were raised in the intensive system to 10 weeks of age in a closed space, under the conditions specified by the recommended technology. The birds were fed only concentrate mixtures ad libitum. In the 10th week the birds were individually weighed, which was the basis for selecting 5 males and 5 females for slaughter. The slaughter analysis and carcass division into individual tissue components were conducted. PH! of breast muscles as well as thigh and shank muscles, their chemical composition water binding capacity and thermal drip were determined. Moreover, the fatty acid profiles for the skin with subcutaneous fat and abdominal fat were studied. Breast muscles of 10- week 60 White Koluda W31® geese broilers contained 20.01% of crude protein and 2.76% of crude fat whereas the respective values for thigh and shank muscles were 18.50 and 4.73%. Additionally, the analysed muscles were characterized by beneficial values of processing characteristics. The fatty acid profile analysis for the skin with subcutaneous fat and abdominal fat showed that both tissues have got a relatively good profile of fatty acids. The analysis of the content of individual fatty acids of examined tissues showed that oleic acid was dominating (about 55-61) and it was followed by palmitic acid (about 22-23%) and linolic acid (about 8-10%). Monounsaturated fatty acids constituted 57.8-63.8% and polyunsaturated acids 8.50-12.15%. The SFAiPUFA ratio ranged from 2.34 in the thigh and shank muscles to 3.42 in subcutaneous fat. The results obtained show that both the meat and fat of geese broilers are characterized by a relatively good nutritive and processing value and can diversify the range of poultry products on the market.
Due to the considerable content of oleic, linoleic, linolenic and arachidonic acids goose fat is considered the safest animal fat. Geese raised on grassland (pastures) and fed diverse feeds consume more polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) than poultry maintained under a closed rearing system, fed standard feeds, low in linolenic acid and PUFA and high in saturated fatty acids. In consequence, the meat and fat of broiler chickens and turkeys is lower in n-3 acids than geese meat and fat. Two strains of White Kołuda geese were examined: W11 and W33. In the chemical composition of breast muscles no significant differences were shown between strains except for the ash and cholesterol content, which were both higher in W11 geese of both sexes. Differences observed between the strains in breast muscle pH48, cutting force and coefficient of emulsion instability indicate that further selection of strain W33 for higher body weight may negatively affect the technological value of meat.
Evaluated were the meat production traits of hybrid males and females derived from four-way (threebreed) crossing of Graylag (Gr), White Kołuda (WK) and Slovakian (Sl) geese. Parental males and females were similar within a group, but differed between groups in the direction (type) of crossing the parents. The greatest values of meat production traits, except for meat and fat content of carcass,were characteristic of 12- and 24-week-old SlGrWKSl’SlGrWKSl hybrids (group II). The direction (type) of crossing was shown to affect the values of meat traits in the hybrid geese. This trend was conspicuous in 24-week-old offspring of four-way crosses.WKGrSlSl’WKGrSlSl hybrids (group III) reflected a positive effect of WK males, while SlWKGrSl’SlWKGrSl (group IV) a negative effect of Sl males on body dimensions of the offspring. Good results of body weight, weight of carcass with neck, dressing percentage and elements content of carcass were achieved by 24-week-old hybrids of both sexes from group I (GrWKSlSl’GrWKSlSl) and group II (SlGrWKSl’S1GrWKSl). The Wright of breast and leg muscles was significantly and positively correlated with all the body dimensions analysed. Per cent of breast and leg muscles was significantly and positively correlated only with breast bone length and thickness of skin with subcutaneous fat. Simple correlation coefficients between carcass elements and body dimensions in the offspring of four-way crosses justify using them to raise hybrid Graylag geese. When compared to the other Polish geese breeds and varieties, breast muscles of hybrid Graylag geese contained less water, protein and fat and more ash, while leg muscles contained similar per cent of water, slightly less protein, and more fat and ash.
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