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1

Is natural regeneration of forest stands a continuous process? A case study of an old-growth forest of the Western Carpathians

100%
Szwagrzyk J., Szewczyk J.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2008
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tom 56
|
nr 4
623-633
Natural regeneration in temperate forests is known to be distributed unevenly, forming dense clumps or patches of young trees confined often to canopy gaps. However, in some studies no significant relationship between the presence of gaps and advanced regeneration was found. The analysis of the relationship between tree stand density and young trees density and growth rates was conducted to check if oldgrowth temperate forests with numerous canopy openings permit development of young trees throughout the forest floor, not only directly under canopy gaps. The study was conducted in an old-growth stand of Fagus sylvatica L., Abies alba Mill. and Picea abies (L.) Karst. in the Babia Góra National Park (Western Carpathians, Poland). The elevation is 940–1010 m a.s.l., slope inclination varies from 2 to 40%, mean annual temperature for that area is 4°C and annual precipitation amounts to 1300–1400 mm. Stand basal area in the study plot has increased from 38 m² ha⁻¹ in 1991 to 40.7 m² ha⁻¹ in 2004, and canopy openness has decreased from 15.6% in 1996 to 9.3% in 2003. Saplings were totally dominated by European beech; during 13 years of study sapling density has increased by 50%, along with the sum of sapling heights (from 0.79 mm⁻² to 1.59 mm⁻²) and the mean height (from 1.42 m to 2.46 m). The increase in sapling sizes strongly varied among individuals within plot and was only weakly related to the relative light intensities measured at the individual plot level (for sums of diameters t = 0.293, P > 0.05). The development of young generation of trees in the study area seems to support the “medium disturbance” hypothesis, with a non-continuous regeneration triggered by external disturbance, and several tree recruitment episodes during the lifespan of canopy trees.
2
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Floristic diversity of the „Laki w Komborni” Natura 2000 site PLH180042 (Western Carpathians)

100%
Ziaja M., Wojcik T.
Steciana
|
2017
|
tom 21
|
nr 2
The vascular flora in the “Łąki w Komborni” Natura 2000 site comprises 219 species representing 44 families and 147 genera. Species from the families Asteraceae, Poaceae, Lamiaceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae, Polygonaceae, Cyperaceae, Apiaceae, and Ranunculaceae were found to dominate. A geographical and historical analysis of species confirmed the clear dominance of apophytes (84%) over anthropophytes (16%) as well as perennials (69%) over short-lived (23%) species. The biological spectrum was dominated by hemicryptophytes (54%) and therophytes (19%), compared with other life forms. In terms of synecology, the flora was mainly represented by species from the classes Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, Stellarietea mediae, Artemisietea vulgaris and Phragmitetea. The “Łąki w Komborni” site is a habitat for 82 (37%) medicinal species and 155 (70%) forage species for bees. Noteworthy is the occurrence of protected species, e.g. Gladiolus imbricatus, Trollius europaeus, Centhaurium erythraea, Dactylorhiza majalis, Platanthera bifolia and Primula elatior.
3

Altitude versus vegetation as the factors influencing the diversity and abundance of earthworms and other soil macrofauna in montane habitat (Silesian Beskid Mts, Western Carpatians)

84%
Rozen A., Maslajek R. W., Sobczyk L.
Polish Journal of Ecology
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2013
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tom 61
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nr 1
The search for global regularities governing the biodiversity of living organisms has a long history, and altitudinal gradients have explanatory power. To determine whether soil animals exhibit altitudinal gradients of abundance and diversity and to assess the impact of plant communities (meadows and forests) on any observed patterns, we studied soil invertebrates along an altitudinal gradient of 500–1000 m a.s.l. in the Silesian Beskid Mts (Western Carpathians). Ten study plots were established in three vegetation zones in meadows and also forested sites (spruce, beech, oak-hornbeam, riparian). In spring, summer and autumn of 2004, 2005 and 2006, five soil samples (20 × 20 × 25 cm) were dug from every study plot on each occasion and invertebrates were separated from the soil by hand-sorting . Earthworms were identified to species, and other invertebrates to higher taxa. The two types of plant associations studied (meadow, forest) differed significantly in the population density and biomass of soil invertebrates – earthworms were more numerous in meadows (132.3 ind. m⁻² in meadows and 24 ind. m⁻² in forests) and other invertebrates in forests (57.7 ind. m⁻² in meadows and 67.4 ind. m⁻² in forests). Density tended to be higher in summer than in other seasons, and at minimum in autumn. Meadows of foothills and the lower montane zone were richest in earthworm species (7 species). Upper montane meadow, upper montane spruce forest and lower montane beech forest were poorest in earthworms (2 species).The most abundant animals among other invertebrates were larvae of Coleoptera and Diptera. Coleoptera larvae dominated at higher altitudes. The density and biomass of earthworms in meadows correlated negatively with elevation (density, r = -0.52, biomass r = -0.66). The corresponding correlations for other invertebrates were much weaker (density, r=-0.32; biomass, r = -0.31). The diversity of earthworms tended to decrease with altitude in meadows. Sites at higher elevations were poorer in species of both earthworms and other invertebrates. For both earthworms and other invertebrates in spruce forest there were no differences in biodiversity indices along the altitudinal gradient.
4
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A contribution to the snowbed liverwort flora of the Tatra Mountains (Western Carpathians, Poland and Slovakia)

84%
Gorski P.
Steciana
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2015
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tom 19
|
nr 3
The article is a first update of the list of liverwort localities published in A synopsis of liverworts occurring in the Tatra Mountains (Western Carpathians, Poland and Slovakia): checklist, distribution, and new data (Górsk i & Váňa 2014). It presents localities of 19 liverwort species collected during 2003–2014 in snowbeds in the entire area of the Tatra Mts. Moreover, for some species, localities from habitats other than snowbeds were given. Localities of the following liverworts are presented: Anthelia juratzkana, Cephalozia ambigua, C. bicuspidata, Diplophyllum taxifolium, Fuscocephaloziopsis albescens [= Pleurocladula albescens], Gymnocolea inflata, Gymnomitrion adustum [= Marsupella adusta], G. concinnatum, G. brevissimum [= Marsupella brevissima], Lophozia wenzelii, Marsupella boeckii, M. condensata, M. emarginata, M. sprucei, Moerckia blyttii, Nardia scalaris, Pseudolophozia sudetica [= Lophozia sudetica], Schistochilopsis opacifolia [= Lophozia incisa subsp. opacifolia] and Trilophozia quinquedentata [= Tritomaria quinquedentata].
5

Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on Hieracium silesiacum [Asteraceae]

84%
Szelag Z.
Polish Botanical Journal
|
2004
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tom 49
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nr 1
6
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New record of macrofungi for the mycobiota of the Cieszyn municipality (Polish Western Carpathians) including new species to Poland

67%
Chachula P., Fiedor M., Rutkowski R., Dorda A.
Acta Mycologica
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2020
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tom 55
|
nr 1
7

Relative abundance and flock size of wintering Common Crossbills Loxia curvirostra L. in Western Carpathians: a habitat influence

67%
Ciach M., Bylicka M.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2009
|
tom 57
|
nr 1
181-189
A study of wintering Common Crossbills (Loxia curvirostra L.) was conducted in the winter periods 2002/2003–2006/2007 in the Western Carpathians. Birds were surveyed on transects in natural mountain European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)-Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.)- Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) forests of the Tatra Mts, Pieniny Mts, Babia Góra Mt. and Gorce Mts (total length 41.4 km) as well as in a habitat mosaic with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Mountain pine (Pinus mugo Mill.) stands in the Kotlina Orawsko-Nowotarska valley (total length 31.5 km). Birds mean density underwent annual changes from 1.9 to 15.5 ind. 10 km⁻¹ in the natural mountain forests and from 0.9 to 12.1 ind. 10 km⁻¹ in the habitat mosaic. The median flock size in the natural mountain forests was 2, and it varied from 1 to 4 in subsequent seasons. They were smaller than flocks recorded in the habitat mosaic in the valley – median 2.5 (from 2 to 7 in subsequent seasons). The size of foraging and flying flocks did not differ significantly in natural mountain forest nor in the valley habitat mosaic. In the natural mountain forests, birds preferred habitats dominated by Norway spruce, and avoided European beech-Silver fir forests. The median flock size was 2 in habitats with Norway spruce, and 8 in stands where Norway spruce was absent. The variation in bird density presumably reflected the changes in quantity and location of food resources. Birds moved within stands with varying proportions of Norway spruce in the mountains as well as between the mountains and the valley, where habitat with mosaics of Scots pine and Mountain pine dominated.
8

Cyclic changes in tree species composition of mixed-species forest in Western Carpathians: role of disturbance and tree regeneration

67%
Saniga M., Balanda M., Kucbel S., Jaloviar P.
Polish Journal of Ecology
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2011
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tom 59
|
nr 4
The paper presents results acquired by an analysis of stand structure, regeneration processes and disturbance regime of a mixed natural forest located in the Carpathians (Central Slovakia). The data were collected on two permanent research plots located on different geological bedrocks (andesite and migmatites). Significant differences in the composition of the upper tree layer were observed among two types of geological bedrock. On the plot I (andesite), European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) occurred as a dominant component. An opposite situation was observed on the plot II (migmatites). The coexistence of beech (Fagus sylvatica L., spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) and ash was recorded in the upper layer. The middle and lower layers were almost identical on both types of bedrock. The dominance of beech with the admixture of other tree species was observed. Regarding the structure of the present forest stand in relation to the structure of the gapmakers and natural regeneration, we observed a partial cyclical alternation of the tree species composition of this natural forest within the time span of several developmental cycles. The analysis of natural regeneration implied a crucial role of ungulates for the growth enforcement of ash individuals in the next generation of natural forest. Under the current condition, a negative trend in tree species diversity of the future generation of natural forest towards the dominance of beech was found.
9

Effects of climate warming on vegetative phenology of the common beech Fagus sylvatica in a submontane forest of the Western Carpathians: two-decade analysis

67%
Schieber B., Kubov M., Janik R.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2017
|
tom 65
|
nr 3
The paper examines the results of phenological research on common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) during a period of 21 years (1995–2015) in the submontane beech forest of central Slovakia (Inner Western Carpathians). We focused on bud-burst, leaf unfolding and leaf colouring. Temporal analysis indicated that the mean monthly air temperature increased, especially from April to August. An extraordinary increase of air temperature in March and April, mostly in the last decade, was detected. The precipitation from May to August varied considerably, but in the range of the long-term mean value. During the study period, the mean/earliest/ latest onset of the bud-burst of common beech was observed on the 110th /101st/120th day of the year (DOY), respectively. As for leaf unfolding 10% and 50% (LU 10 and LU 50), we found the mean/earliest/latest onset on the 114th/103rd/122nd DOY and on the 118th/108th/124th DOY, respectively. The mean/earliest/latest onset of leaf colouring 10% (LC 10) and 50% (LC 50) started on the 272nd/262nd/288th DOY and on 286th/276th/298th, respectively. A medium degree of negative correlation (r = -0.68, P < 0.05) was found between air temperature and spring plant development (LU 50). In contrast, for both the cumulative temperature and precipitation, we found very low correlation with autumnal leaf phenology (r ≤ 0.3, P > 0.05). The vegetation period of the examined tree species lasted for 168 days on average (min/max were 155/183 days). Trend analysis revealed an earlier onset of spring phenophases by 7 days/2 decades. Conversely, a delay of autumnal phenophases by 9 days was recorded, so the vegetation period of beech extended by more than two weeks during the study period.
10
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A contribution to the moss and liverwort flora of the Reberce Nature Reserve at the Przemysl Foothills (Western Carpathians, Poland)

67%
Staniaszek-Kik M., Zubel R., Fudali E., Rusinska A., Fojcik B., Voncina G., Stebel A., Szczepanski M.
Steciana
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2017
|
tom 21
|
nr 1
The paper presents the results of studies on bryophyte flora of the Reberce forest reserve located in the Przemyśl foothills. Thirty-three species of liverworts, 70 species and two varieties of mosses were found. Terrestrial (66 species) and epixylic (58) bryophytes formed the largest ecological groups in the reserve. Twenty-four protected species were also recorded, eight endangered bryophytes and six taxa considered as primeval forest species. The most interesting finds are: Bazzania trilobata, Buxbaumia viridis, Calypogeia suecica, Cephalozia catenulata, Frullania dilatata, Metzgeria conjugata, Nowellia curvifolia, Orthotrichum lyellii, O. stramineum, Trichocolea tomentella and Ulota crispa.
11

Numerical classification of the lower mountain zone forest communities in the central part of the Beskid Maly Range [West Carpathians]

67%
Kimsa T., Stebel A.
Acta Biologica Silesiana
|
1992
|
tom 21
61-73
12
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Modification of life history and morphometric traits of montane species as an expression of adaptive abilities to different climatic conditions - a case study of Petasites kablikianus Tausch ex Bercht. (the Babia Gora Mt, Western Carpathians, Poland)

67%
Uzieblo A. K.
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
|
2015
|
tom 84
|
nr 4
Detailed data on the response of plants to different climatic conditions could gain insight into the early impacts of climate change upon functioning ecosystems especially alpine ones, the most specialized. Petasites kablikianus (Asteraceae) is a species with montane and disjunctive distribution range, and it is one of the best objects to such investigations. In Polish high mountains, it is represented the best on the northern slopes of the Babia Góra massif (the Babiogórski National Park) and it occurs in two, independent zones: subalpine (landslides, rock rubbles) and lower montane zone (gravels on stream banks). The climatic differences between these two zones result in a morphological differentiation of specimens but mainly in differences in the dynamics of the life history of both populations. Detailed phenological observations and biometrical measurements were made on five plots on both gynodynamic and androdynamic shoots in their natural environment and after transplantation. The most important result is a fact that the subalpine population is completely phenologically isolated. Moreover the differences in the dates of beginning vegetation and in the duration and dynamics of particular stages of development and in morphological structure of individuals between the upper and lower populations were also stated. The results show that the adaptability of the species present a great potential to respond to the possible effects of global warming by modifying the life history and extending of distribution range for low-lying areas.
13
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Syntaxonomy and ecology of forest vegetation in the Stiavnicke vrchy Mts (Central Slovakia)

67%
Slezak M., Hegedusova K., Senko D.
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
|
2011
|
tom 80
|
nr 2
Vegetation of deciduous forests in the Štiavnické vrchy Mts (Central Slovakia) was studied using the standard Zürich-Montpellier approach. The numerical classification and ordination technique were applied to determine the main forest vegetation types and to find the responsible environmental drivers related to their distribution patterns, respectively. The data set including 198 relevés collected by authors in 1997-2009 and 185 relevés excerpted from literature was used to analysis. Numerical classification resulted in delimitation of fourteen vegetation types representing eleven associations with two variants and two communities within the Quercetea roboripetraeae and Querco-Fagetea classes. The major environmental gradients in variation of forest species composition were associated with moisture and nutrient content following the average Ellenberg indicator values. Along the moisture gradient, vegetation types were ordered from subxerophilous oak forests turn mesophilous mixed oak-hornbeam, beech and ravine forests to hygrophilous riparian alder forest. The results confirmed important role of soil nutrients and moisture by determination of forest vegetation in subcontinental part of Central Europe. Special attention was given to the discussion of floristical characteristics, site conditions and syntaxonomy.
14

Struktura drzewostanu bukowego w roznych warunkach siedliskowych w Beskidzie Malym [Karpaty Zachodnie]

67%
Kimsa T., Majchrzak B., Sliwinska-Wyrzychowska A.
Acta Biologica Silesiana
|
2000
|
tom 34
7-18
15
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Wplyw elementow meteorologicznych na plonowanie roslin uprawnych w pietrach wysokosciowych Polskich Karpat Zachodnich

67%
Skowera B.
Acta Agrophysica
|
2000
|
tom 34
169-180
W pracy przeanalizowano wpływ średniej temperatury powietrza i sum opadów atmosferycznych na plony owsa i ziemniaków na obszarze Polskich Karpat Zachodnich, w dwu wyróżnionych w tej pracy piętrach wysokościowych; 200-500 m n.p.m. i 500-750 m n.p.m. Analiza uzyskanych związków statystycznych pozwoliła określić, w których miesiącach okresu wegetacyjnego warunki termiczne i opadowe odgrywają największą, rolę w kształtowaniu plonów owsa i ziemniaków na badanym obszarze. Najsilniejsze związki plonów owsa z temperaturami uzyskano dla kwietnia, a z sumą opadów dla maja - uzyskane korelacje są dodatnie, W przypadku plonów ziemniaków najsilniejsze związki ich plonów; z temperaturą uzyskano dla maja i czerwca, z sumą opadów dla miesięcy letnich od czerwca do sierpnia. Przy czym korelacje opadów miesięcy letnich z plonami ziemniaków są ujemne, co świadczy o nadmiarach opadów w tych miesiącach dla tej rośliny, korelacje plonów z temperaturami są dodatnie. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, że oszacowane zmiany plonów badanych roślin pod wpływem elementów meteorologicznych są zróżnicowane w wyróżnionych piętrach wysokościowych.
16
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A glimpse into ancient food storage: Sequestrichnia and associated nucleocave Chondrites from Eocene deep-sea deposits

59%
Samanek J., Vallon L. H., Mikulas R., Vachek M.
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
|
2022
|
tom 67
|
nr 3
17

Nowe dane o wystepowaniu wyblinu jednolistnego Malaxis monophyllos [L.] Sw.[Orchidaceae] w Pasmie Babiogorskim [polskie Karpaty Zachodnie]

59%
Bernacki L., Chowaniec B.
Acta Biologica Silesiana
|
2003
|
tom 37
65-70
18

Rośliny synantropijne zagrożeniem dla populacji Matteucia struthiopteris (L.) Tod. w dolinie górnego odcinka Wisły (Karpaty Zachodnie)

51%
Wilczek Z., Wika S., Polok M.
Acta Botanica Silesiaca
|
2011
|
tom 06
One of the many areas where Matteucia struthiopteris (L.) Tod. is found in Poland is the upper part of the Vistula River Valley, mainly in the Silesian Foothills and the Silesian Beskid. From 2005 to 2010, floristic and phytosociological studies were carried out to determine the presence of ostrich fern stands and plant communities that contain this species. As a result of this study, 31 sites on which the species was found were identified. With the help of phytosociological relevés collected using the Braun-Blanquets method, six plant associations were identified that are subject to different levels of anthropopressure. The most commonly observed form the degeneration of plant communities containing the species is neophytisation. In all of the phytocoenoses studied, from two to nine kenophytes were identified. Of these, Impatiens glandulifera, Reynoutria japonica and Robinia pseudoacacia play a significant role in shaping phytocoenoses and pose a threat to the Matteucia struthioptheris population. In order to protect sites on which Matteucia struthiopteris grows, it is necessary to mechanically combat invasive plant species and extend legal protection to the best preserved phytocoenoses which contain the species.
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