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Sodium hypochlorite-digested material and scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphology of wall ingrowths in pavement epithelium hairs of Utricularia species from the primitive section Pleiochasia (U. volubilis) and the advanced section Utricularia (U. stygia, U. intermedia). Wall ingrowths were reticulate-type in all examined species. Wall ingrowth development started with the formation of small papillae, which later lengthened and eventually fused and branched, forming a network. The sequence of wall deposition in plant hairs is given for the first time with SEM. The wall labyrinth in transfer cells of pavement epithelium hairs was found to be far from static. Different stages of wall ingrowth development were observed within the same cell.
The term "seed pedestal" was introduced recently to describe a structure of placental origin connecting a seed with the placenta. Seed pedestals are widespread in Scrophulariaceae and a few adjacent families, but have not been found in Lentibulariaceae so far. Here their presence is reported for Utricularia reniformis from Brazil, and their formation during seed development is described. We observed that the formation of this structure was strictly associated with seed development; seed pedestals were not formed under aborted (unfertilized) ovules
The study object consisted of 28 microhabitats of five Utricularia species localized in the Province of Lower Silesia, Poland. The aim of the study was to analyse the chemical properties of water and to present the differentiation of microhabitats in respect of their chemism, i.e., whether there are differences between the microhabitats, and which of the Utricularia species show the highest tolerance to the chemical properties of water. Analysed were the contents of NO-2, NO-3, NH+4, PO-24, K+, Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+, Fe+3, SO-24, total hardness of water, organic substance, pH and trophicity of water. The differentiation of microhabitats of Utricularia intermedia and U. minor appeared to be small, but much higher in case of U. vulgaris, U. australis and U. ochroleuca. The similarity of microhabitats has been determined by cluster analysis. The tree plot showed the least similarity of U. minor and U. intermedia, which occupy an extreme position in relation to microhabitats of the remaining species. Such a grouping suggests that this species is clearly distinct because of its connection with water properties.
The study objects were 48 microhabitats of five Utricularia species in Lower and Upper Silesia (POLAND). The aim of the paper was to focus on application of the Self-Organizing Feature Map in assessment of water trophicity in Utricularia microhabitats, and to describe how SOFM can be used for the study of ecological subjects. This method was compared with the hierarchical tree plot of cluster analysis to check whether this techniques give similar results. In effect, both topological map of SOFM and dendrogram of cluster analysis show differences between Utricularia species microhabitats in respect of water quality, from eutrophic for U. vulgaris to dystrophic for U. minor and U. intermedia. The used methods give similar results and constitute a validation of the SOFM method in this type of studies.
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