The dramatic depletion of diversity and standing crop of freshwater fish has been due mostly to degradation of their habitats and water quality. To halt and reverse this negative trend, a new approach is needed urgently toward sustainability of fish resources. The UNESCO MAB programme on the role of land-water ecotones has opened a new perspective towards solving problems in landscape management and conservation. Land-water ecotones, if restored and managed in a sustainable way, can buffer and filter impacts on aquatic ecosystems due to catchment development, by moderating hydrological processes, improving water quality, and increasing spatial complexity of habitats. This way, fish resources can be safeguarded, restored and sustained. The programme of the 'Fish and Land-Inland Water Ecotones' (FLIWE) team has shown strong links between fish life histories and structures and processes in land-water ecotones. To be able to sustain freshwater fish populations a good understanding is needed of the biological linkages and pathways through land-water ecotones; of biogeochemistry; of modern techniques for habitat inventories; and of methods of habitat evaluation, planning and assessment of socio-economic feedback.
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