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The existing body of knowledge regarding the Trombiculidae of Poland is summarized and supplemented with the results of our recent studies. Although around 3000 nominal species are known worldwide, only18 have been recorded in Poland. Due to the medical and veterinary importance of parasitic larvae, and the complex life cycle which presents difficulties in finding habitats occupied by postlarval forms, most species have been described exclusively from their larvae. This review provides updated information on the host spectrum and distribution of all the trombiculid species hitherto recorded in Poland, supplemented with data on their general distribution and biology.
The modern classification of trombiculid mites from the family Trombiculidae (Acariformes: Parasitengona) is briefly reviewed on the subfamily and tribe level based on the larval characters. Some taxonomical and evolutionary aspects are briefly discussed. The family Trombiculidae is divided into four subfamilies: Leeuwenhoekiinae — Apoloniinae — Trombiculinae — Gahrliepiinae, from which Leeuwenhoekiinae should be placed at the base and Gahrliepiinae at the top of phylogenetic tree. Host-parasite relationships of trombiculid larvae are examined from the point of view that host-parasite specificity is low in trombiculids. Some physiological questions with respect to the realization of the life strategy of trombiculids are considered.
The results of experimental rearing of Neotrombicula inopinata and Leptotrombidium russicum and of field studies aiming at finding the hitherto unknown habitats occupied by active postlarval forms are presented. Diagnoses of deutonymphs reared from field-collected larvae of both species are provided. Literature interpretation of deutonymph of N. inopinata is inconsistent with the characteristics of deutonymph of N. inopinata obtained from larvae by experimental rearing. Larvae of L. russicum and L. silvaticum can be separated only on the base of host spectrum. Considering the biology of the parasite and host species, it is likely that postlarval forms of bat-parasitizing species may be confined to tree and cave habitats, whereas those species that are known as parasites of rodents inhabit the soil habitats.
The first description of adult and deutonymph of Neotrombicula vulgaris, experimentally reared from larvae collected in Poland from Apodemus agrarius and Myodes glareolus, is complemented with DNA barcode sequence. Morphometric data on larvae, extending the knowledge of intraspecific variation, are also provided. Active post-larval forms of N. vulgaris differ from other species of Neotrombicula in the structure of palpal and idiosomal setae. Information on phenology and seasonality of parasitism of larvae is given.
Corrections and additions are provided to the checklist of nominal taxa of terrestrial Parasitengona mites published by Mąkol and Wohltmann (2012).
We provide a check-klist of nominal taxa of terrestrial Parasitengona mites (excl. Trombiculidae and Walchiidae) distributed worldwide and assigned to three super- families, i.e. Calyptostomatoidea, Erythraeoidea and Trombidioidea. The list contains 1784 species, of which 786 are known exclusively from larvae, 860 - from active postlarval forms and 138 - from both. The data on the type localities and the hitherto known distribution of the species are included in the survey.
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