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The apoptosis in the course of experimental infection with T. pseudospiralis in mice. The level of apoptic cells in the lamina propria of the mucosa of the jejunum and in the masseter muscle in the mice infected with 200 larvae T. pseudospiralis was observed. Cryostat preparations made from jejunum and muscle samples on 7, 14, 21, 28, 60, 180 and 360 day post infection (dpi), were examined employing the TUNNEL method with the use of "In situ Cell Death Detection KIT Fluorescein" of Reche. The number of apoptic cells in the lamina propria of jejunum started to increase as early as on 7 dpi. The highest number of the apoptic cells, on an average - 56,4 in the crypta-villus unit, was recorded on 28 dpi, whereas the retum to the standard level took place only 360 dpi. The level of the apoptic cells in the masseter muscle was the highest oo 28 and 60 dpi, which coostituted some 30% of all the cells of infiltration.
In muscle mitochondria of mice infected by Trichinella spiralis larvae and treated by following benzimidazoles: mebendazole (MBZ), oxfendazole (OXF) and thiabendazole (TBZ) their differential influence on uncoupling of host mitochondria was observed. Both MBZ and OXF (in doses of 80 mg/kg of body weight and 60 mg/kg of body weight, respectively) improved the bioenergetic properties of host muscles mitochondria i.e. increase the respiratory control index (RCI) in the muscular phase of this infection. The experiments with the use of OXF in Trichinella pseudospiralis infection have proved that this drug normalizes also in this infection the activity of two mitochondrial inner membrane-located enzymes: mtATPase and SDH in the muscular phase of the infection. A similar effectiveness of OXF in the latter infection was reached using a single and a double dose of the drug (200 mg/kg of body weight, divided into two parts).
The effect of single infection (2000 infective larvae) with T. spiralis and T. pseudospiralis (both in the intestinal phase) on rat serum methacycline (MC) level was investigated. The infected animals showed a tendency for an initial increase in the serum MC concentration. In rats infected with T. spiralis, as compared with those infected with T. pseudospiralis and with controls, the maximal serum MC concentration was shifted from the 2nd to the 3rd hour after oral MC administration. Rats infected with T. spiralis and T. pseudospiralis, as compared with controls, exhibited a substantial drop in serum MC concentration after 4 h from MC administration. The present results indicate that in intestinal trichinellosis the host intestinal absorption of MC is more rapid and shorter, and the doses of MC absorbed in infected rats are lesser than in controls.
The aim of this study was to estimate the development of P. aeruginosa infection in mice infected with T. spiralis or T. pseudospiralis. The investigations were carried out on the following strains of mice: C57B1, C3H and B6C3F1-. 20 days post parasitic infection P. aeruginosa were administrated by inhalation or by intraperitoneal injection. After 4 hrs development of infection in mice was evaluated (the number of bacteria in lung or in the liver tissue were counted by plating). It was found that the bacterial infection developed with the highest rate in C3H mice followed by C57B1/6, in comparison with control mice. In C3H mice infected with T. pseudospiralis, the number of bacteria was higher in lung and liver tissue, in comparison with those infected with T. spiralis. In B6C3F1 hybrid the infection rate was significantly lower after intraperitoneal administration in T. spiralis infected mice. In our experiments, the development of P. aeruginosa infection in mice with trichinellosis was dependent on the strain of mice and the routes of bacteria administration.
Pathomechanism of lesions in the course of trichinellosis was discussed, representing a sum of immunopathologicaI, pathomorphological and biochemical phenomena. Particular attention was devoted to clinical pathology of the visual organ, which prevails at the acute stage of trichinellosis. In evaluation of clinical signs/symptoms manifested in the visual organ traits of its anatomic, morphological structure, function of the eyeball muscles and eyeball vascular system were taken into account. Ocular lesions in the course of trichinellosis reflect in principle angiomyositis due to immunopathology resulting from migration of Trichinella larvae to many organs and to structures of visual system.
Albendazole (Smith Kline, Beecham) in a dose of 20 mg/kg/day was given to B6C3F₁ mice exposed to 300 larvae of T. pseudospiralis or T. spiralis. The drug was introduced on days 2, 3 and 4; or 4, 5 and 6; or 18, 19 and 20 after infection. It limited the intensity of intestinal and muscle phases of trichinellosis. Given at the stage of maturation of adult forms and production of new-born larvae, the drug caused almost total elimination of both species from the intestines of mice and a decrease in the numbers of muscle larvae, with a tendency towards a greater reduction of larvae and adults of T. pseudospiralis. The drug did not change the course of infection when given at the phase of infectiveness of larvae.
Nematode worms of the genus Trichinella are one of the most widespread zoonotic pathogens. Natural transmission between hosts can only occur through the ingestion of infected meat. To date, two Trichinella species are known to be etiological agents of disease among domestic animals and wildlife in Poland: T. spiralis and T. britovi. In the last decades, since the administration of an oral vaccination against rabies, the red fox population in Poland has increased exponentially. The study area covers the Nowy Targ region: a mountainous area (585–1138 m above the sea) in southern Poland. Of 24 red foxes examined in the study, four were infected with Trichinella isolates: three were identified as T. britovi and one as T. pseudospiralis. The muscle of red foxes infected with T. britovi harboured 2.75, 3.11, 4.4 LPG and with T. pseudospiralis 0.36 LPG. Trichinella larvae were identified at species level by genomic and mitochondrial multiplex PCR, the products of which were sequenced for comparison with other sequences available in GenBank. The sequences obtained from the Polish T. pseudospiralis isolate, deposited in GenBank under the accession numbers JQ809660.1 and JQ809661.1, matched sequences already published in GenBank. Sequence comparison showed a 100% match with the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene of T. pseudospiralis isolate ISS 013, and a 96–95% match with those of T. pseudospiralis isolates ISS 141 and ISS 470. This is the first report of the identification of T. pseudospiralis larvae from red fox in Poland.
Mice CFW were infected per os with Trichinella pseudospiralis (150 larvae/mice). The mice were divided in two groups: nonstimulated and stimulated intraperitoneally with PHA-P at dose 10 mg/kg body weight. The animals were killed 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56, 70 and 150 day post infection (d.p.i.). Spleen et mesenteric lymph nodes were examinated histopathologicaly (Hematoksylin-Eosin) and histochemicaly (nonspecific esterase reaction) for differentiation of T lymphocytes. The obtained results reveal that T. pseudospiralis infection caused weak mobilisation of mouse lymphatic system lasting only to 70 day of experiment. In the lymphatic organs of infected mice small number of T lymphocytes were observed mostly between 28 and 56 d.p.i. The intraperitoneally stimulation with PHA-P give rise to caused oniy little mobilisation of lymphatic tissue and small increase of T lymphocytes number. The obtained results were compared with analogic earlier experiments wih t T. spiral is infection.
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