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We isolated three laccase-producing fungus strains from Taxus rhizosphere. Myrotheium verrucaria strain DJTU-sh7 had the highest laccase activity of 216.2 U/ml, which was increased to above 300 U/ml after optimization. DJTU-sh7 had the best decolorizing effect for three classes of reactive dyes. The DJTU-sh7-containing fungal consortium displayed the robust decolorizing ability. Both color removal efficiency and chemical oxygen demand were increased in the consortium mediated biotransformation. Transcriptome changes of M. verrucaria elicited by azo dye and phenolic were quantified by the high throughput transcriptome sequencing, and the activities of the selected oxidases and reductases were determined. The possible involvement of oxidases and reductases, especially laccase, aryl alcohol oxidase, and ferric reductase in the biotransformation of dye and phenolic compounds was revealed at both transcriptomic and phenotypic levels. Revealing the transcriptomic mechanisms of fungi in dealing with organic pollutants facilitates the fine-tuned manipulation of strains in developing novel bioremediation and biodegradation strategies.
The variations in leaf traits of Taxus species in different light conditions are still poorly understood. We sampled leaves of Taxus yunnanensis W. C. Chang L. K. Fu and Taxus chinensis var. mairei (Lemée and Lév.) W. C. Cheng and L. K. Fu along an illumination gradient (full daylight, 40–60% full daylight, <10% full daylight), and analyzed how seven leaf traits and their correlations changed under different light conditions. The leaf trait that showed the greatest variation was specific leaf area (SLA) for T. yunnanensis, followed by leaf dry mass (LM) for both taxa. The smallest variation was in leaf width (LW) for both taxa. Plasticities of all leaf traits in both taxa were higher than 50%, and those of leaf area (LA), LM and SLA were greater than 80%. The light gradient was positively correlated with leaf length (LL), LM, leaf dry matter content (LDMC), and leaf length to width ratio (LWR). LW and SLA were negatively correlated with the light gradient. Analyses of relationships among leaf traits showed that LM of T. yunnanensis, T. chinensis var. mairei and both taxa was positively correlated with LL, LW, LA, LDMC, and LWR, and negatively correlated with SLA under all light conditions. We concluded that leaf traits and their relationships were affected by light conditions.
Investigations were carried out to find whether enhanced ultraviolet radiation influences the Taxus, Thuja and Juniperus genera used in garden architecture. Seedlings a few years old were subjected to UV-B at a 16 kJ m-2 day-1 dose for several weeks. carbohydrate contents (monosaccharides and sucrose), levels of chlorophylls and chlorophyll a fluorescence were analyzed, and the variable/maximal fluorescence (Fv/ Fm) and the Rfd _ vitality index were calculated. In Taxus and Juniperus no negative effects were found in carbohydrate accumulation and even increased chlorophyll a and b levels were noted. After 6-9 weeks of irradiation the amount of these pigments in Juniperus needles was as many as twofold higher. Under the in­fluence of uv-B a 50% reduction of monosaccharide accumulation was found only in Thuja, after 3 weeks irradiation, and an approx. 30% reduction in chlorophylls after 6-9 weeks of irradiation. No changes in the Fv/Fm parameter were found in either species, but the vitality index (Rfd) under the first weeks of radiation stress showed even an increase in Thuja leaves. These results indicate that shoot blight of conifers is not caused by enhanced UV-B radiation.
W badaniach nad zależnością między budową chemiczną a aktywnością (SAR) stwierdzono, że dla tej czynności istotna jest obecność pierścienia oksetanowego, łańcucha bocznego i grup funkcyjnych przy węglach C-2 i C-4. Opracowano więc nową metodę analityczną HPLC do analizy alkaloidów taksynowych izolowanych z igieł cisów. Zbadano wiele gatunków i odmian cisów pod względem zawartości alkaloidów taksynowych. Stwierdzono duże różnice w zawartości alkaloidów między różnymi gatunkami.
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