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The helminth fauna of the European mole (Talpa europaea L., 1758) was studied on the basis of 269 host individuals from 39 localities in France and Spain. Twelve helminth species were recorded: two digeneans - Ityogonimus lorum (Dujardin, 1845) (Brachylaimidae) and Nephrotrema truncation (Leuckart, 1842) (Troglotrematidae); one cestode – Multitesticulata filamentosa (Goeze, 1782) (Dilepididae); and 9 nematodes - Capillaria talpae (Siebold, 1850), Eucoleus oesophagicola Sołtys, 1952, Liniscus incrassatus (Diesing, 1851), Trichuris feliui Ribas et Casanova, 2004 (Trichuridae), Parastrongyloides winchesi Morgan, 1928 (Strongyloididae), Porrocaecum spp. larvae (Ascarididae), Spirura talpae (Gmelin, 1790) (Spiruridae), Tricholinstowia linstowi (Travassos, 1918) and T. mornanti Durette-Desset et Vaucher, 1974 (Heligmonellidae). In the general helminth fauna, S. talpae was found the most prevalent species (43.9%) and with the highest infection intensity. Prevalences of l. lorum, L. incrassatus, Porrocaecum spp. and T. mornanti ranged from 9.7 to 17.5% and mean intensities between 1.4 and 2.3. L. capillaris, Porrocaecum spp., S. talpae and T. mornanti are core species in the helminth community of T. europaea. The rest of species are considered satellite. All the species found in males are present in females except E. oesophagicola. No significant differences were found between males and femaks in quantitative parameters. Values of Lefkovitch's index indicate a negative binomial distribution for all species. Correlation between altitude of the biotopes and species richness was not significant. Qualitative and quantitative data were compared with other known helminthological studies of Talpa spp. in Europe.
A method to estimate the abundance of the fossorial form of the water vole Arvicola terrestris scherman (Shaw, 1801) has been developed, by using surface indices. Results are compared to the standard method of estimation using trap lines. These results show quantitatively that it is possible to differentiate reliably mole indices from water vole indices. Moreover, the two species are inclined to exclude each other. Even though water voles share the same galleries as moles, specific surface indices of the water vole occur for any density exceeding 2 ind/trap line (over 20 ind/ha). Several models of abundance estimation are put forward, all of them using linear multiple regressions. Correlations between the estimations from indices and the estimations from trap lines exceed 0.8 and the limits of using abundance classes are tested. Other limits are developed in the discussion. One of them is that the sampling intervals are saturated for densities exceeding 400 ind/ha. The index method, which is easy to carry out, offers the definite advantage of being suitable to space and time scales otherwise incompatible with estimations from trap lines. For instance, it allows distribution maps from wide transects about areas of more than 25 km2 to be drawn, in less than two days.
Trichuris feliui sp. nov. from the common mole, Talpa europaea (L., 1758), in Spain is described. The new species differs from other Trichuris spp. cited in Soricomorpha. From T. busuluk Polozhentsev, 1935 and T. mettami (Baylis, 1935), T. feliui sp. nov. differs in the morphology of the vulvar region, the spicule tip, the terminal position of the anus in females of T. busuluk, and in metrical features (body length, maximal body width, oesophagus length, ratios of forebody to hindbody length, spicule length and width, width of spicule at the proximal end, length of spicular sheath, egg length and width). The species most similar to T. feliui is T. neomi. The presence of a vulvar appendage in females, two postcloacal papillae in males and the absence of a spicular tube in T. feliui, separate this species from T. neomi. Measurements of body length, maximal body width, oesophagus length, spicule length, spicule width, and spicule width at the proximal end are additional characters that distinguish the two species. From T. muris Schrank, 1788 and T. arvicolae Feliu et al., 2000 found in small mammals in the same site, T. feliui differs in metrical characters. Also, the vulvar appendage is absent in T. muris and T. arvicolae and the spicular tube is present in both species. The presence of T. feliui in T. europaea is discussed from the perspective of helminthological and biogeographical aspects of Talpa spp. and other Soricomorpha.
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