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The aim of the study was a retrospective analysis of the frequency of group B streptococci (Streptococcus agalactaie; GBS) carriage in pregnant women from the region of Krakow, together with an analysis of their drug resistance, carried out between 2008-2012. The study included 3363 pregnant women between 35 and 37 weeks of gestation, studied in accordance with the guidelines of the Polish Gynecological Society (2008). A high percentage of pregnant women who are carriers of group B streptococci was demonstrated. Each year covered by the study, it was in the range of 25-30%, with an average value equal to 28%. The results confirm the need for taking swabs from both the vagina and anus, since 15% of GBS-positive patients showed only rectal carriage. High percentage of isolates resistant to erythromycin was detected, which ranged from 22% to 29%, with an average value equal to 25%, as well as a high proportion of isolates resistant to clindamycin being 17-25%, with an average of 20%. The results indicate the need to standardize the methodology of collecting samples for GBS testing and introduce microbiological diagnostic standards in all gynecological and obstetric centers in Poland, in order to carry out a detailed epidemiological analysis in our country.
ß-hemolytic, pyogenic Streptococci are classified according to type of major surface antigen into A (Streptococcus pyogenes), B (Streptococcus agalactiae), C (multiple species including Streptococcus dysgalactiae) and G (multiple species including Streptococcus canis) Lancefield groups. Group A Streptococcus causes each year hundreds of thousands deaths globally as a result of infections and post-infectional sequelae. An increasing number of severe, invasive infections is caused by selected, specialized pathogenic clones. Within the last 50 years, an increasing number of human infections caused by groups B, C and G Streptococcus (GBS, GCS, GGS) has been observed worldwide. GBS was first identified as animal pathogen but the spectrum of diseases caused by GBS quickly shifted to human infections. Groups C and G Streptococcus are still regarded mostly as animal pathogens, however, an increased number of severe infections caused by these groups is observed. The increasing number of human infections caused worldwide by GCS/GGS can be a sign of similar development from animal to human pathogen as observed in case of GBS and this group will gain much more clinical interest in the future.The situation in Poland regarding invasive infections caused by pyogenic streptococci is underestimated.
Celem pracy była charakterystyka szczepów S. agalactiae izolowanych od kobiet w okresie rozrodczym. Podczas prowadzonych badań określono odsetek kobiet skolonizowanych S. agalactiae, oceniono przydatność metod aktualnie stosowanych w diagnostyce mikrobiologicznej do wykrywania obecności GBS, a także określono lekowrażliwość i serotyp badanych szczepów.
The effect of 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.05, 0.6, 0.8 and 0.9% of polyphosphate mixture on 5 strains of Streptococcus agalactiae, 2 strains of Streptococcus dysgalactiae and 3 strains of Steptococcus uberis in blood agar in vitro and in milk was examined. It was found that the growth of all strains of the above mentioned bacteria was completely inhibited by 0.03% phosphate mixture in blood agar. In milk, however, the amount of polyphosphate mixture necessary for total inhibition was, from 0.6 to 0.9%, depending on the strain.
The aim of the study was to characterize the health status and occurrence of pathological changes in mammary glands as well as to isolate etiological agents of mastitis in different herds. A single clinical examination of the udders of 3673 cows and bacteriological examination of 13,778 aseptically collected quarter milk samples were performed in 32 farms. Clinical forms of mastitis were found in 1.9% to 6.5% of quarters. Subclinical forms of mastitis ranged from 27.7 to 43.4%. Different degrees of damage to the teat end and teat canal were observed in 1.2 to 4.4% of quarters examined. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from milk in 13.0% of samples, coagulase-negative staphylococci in 18.9%, environmental streptococci in 3.2%, Str. agalactiae in 0.3% and Str. dysgalactiae in 0.5%. In conclusion it can be stated that clinical and subclinical forms of udder inflammations are still a serious problem in some farms in Poland. In bigger farms the most important problem are infections caused by Staphylococcus spp. Environmental streptococci (mostly Str. uberis) and CNS dominate in smaller farms. Interesting is the low percentage of Str.agalactiae regardless of the size of the farm.
Podjęto próbę oceny antybakteryjnego potencjału bakterii z rodzaju Lactobacillus, reprezentujących gatunki najczęściej izolowane z dróg rodnych kobiet, wobec szczepów Streptococcus agalactiae, z uwzględnieniem serotypu oraz miejsca ich izolacji. Badania przeprowadzono metodą hodowli w zawiesinie, oznaczając liczbę drobnoustrojów metodą seryjnych rozcieńczeń. Wykazano dużą zdolność pałeczek kwasu mlekowego do zahamowania wzrostu Streptococcus agalactiae. Wrażliwość badanych izolatów paciorkowców z grupy В (GBS) na oddziaływanie metabolitów Lactobacillus była cechą charakterystyczną danego szczepu, niezależną od jego serotypu, czy pochodzenia. Natomiast, wykazano różnicę istotną statystycznie pomiędzy badanymi gatunkami Lactobacillus w zahamowaniu wzrostu paciorkowców, z których największą aktywność wykazywał gatunek L. plantarum.
Group B streptococcus causes infections in woman during pregnancy and confinement, perinatal infections in newborns related to mothers carrier-state and in adults, mostly in the elderly, with one or more predisposing to infections conditions. Diabetes mellitus is the most common underlying condition. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of GBS occurrence and GBS antibiotic susceptibility in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. In years 2000-2002 occurrence of GBS in some clinical materials (urine, swabs from pharynx and urogenital tract) taken from 161 diabetics: 90 girls and 71 boys, hospitalized for newly diagnosed diabetes or insufficient metabolic control/longer duration of diabetes and 37 children with hypostatura (control group) aged from 5-17 years, was examined. Susceptibility of isolated GBS strains to ampicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin was determined. GBS were obtained from different materials from 36 (22.4%) diabetic children - 25 girls (27.8%), and 11 boys (15.5%). In all examined groups GBS was detected significantly in children with insufficient metabolic control/longer duration of diabetes (27 of 36 children; p=0.029, x²=4.773). GBS in girls was isolated mainly from vestibule of vagina (25 cases) and in few cases (4) from the pharynx. GBS in boys was grown from materials from urethra (6 cases) and pharynx (5 cases). In the control group, GBS colonization was observed only in one case. All isolates (40 strains) were susceptible to penicillins, however lower susceptibility to erythromycin (3 resistant and 1 moderately sensitive) and clindamycin (3 resistant) were observed. High percentage of carriers of GBS both in girls and boys with diabetes mellitus is the potential risk factor of infection caused by GBS.
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