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The paper contains the results of a study on the dependence of the qualitative and quantitative structure of the phytophilous macrofauna dwelling on Stratiotes aloides L. (water soldier) on the quality of waters in a lentic oxbow lake of the £yna River. The observations were carried out during the vegetative season (April – June) 2006 at high and moderate water levels. During the study, a total of 18 taxa of invertebrates dwelling on the above plant species were identified, with the exact number of taxa varying in time: 11 taxa were noticed in April and May, and in June their number went up to 13. The examination of hydrochemical parameters of the oxbow lake waters revealed that the density of macrofauna was lower at higher values of proper conductivity and macronutrients, ammonia nitrogen and COD, increasing at high levels of sulphates. High concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and non-organic components coincided with decreased biomass of epiphytic animals on water soldier. Additionally, it has been observed that elevated concentrations of potassium ions have a negative influence on the biomass of most epiphytic animals (except Erpobdella sp.).
The importance of water soldier (Stratiotes aloides L.) as a colonization substratum for epiphytic and mining fauna has been investigated in the shallow, eutrophic lake in East Poland. Samples were taken in May, July and October in 2000–2001. Studies focused on abundance and species diversity of phytophilous fauna of Stratiotes aloides, in particular on the relation between epiphytic and mining organisms and their seasonal changes. The studied zoocenosis differed significantly in terms of density and taxa number. In all studied seasons fauna inhabiting Stratiotes aloides showed higher abundance and species diversity than mining invertebrates. Both zoocenosis were predominated by Chironomidae larvae. The percentage of midges in epiphytic fauna decreased slightly during vegetation period, the mining fauna showed the opposite pattern. Epiphytic Chironomidae were dominated by four taxa (Dicrotendipes sp., Glyptotendipes sp., Paratanytarsus austriacus, Psectrocladius sp.). The mining fauna was represented mainly by Glyptotendipes sp. larvae. Density and biomass of epiphytic fauna showed the positive correlation with water soldier biomass.
The paper presents the results of a study on allelopathic effect of extracts from Stratiotes aloides on natural lake phytoplankton communities grown outdoor in 40 l containers under natural light conditions. The water and plants were taken from an oxbow lake in spring (when S. aloides plants were submerged) and in summer (when plants were floating on lake water surface). Water extracts were prepared from fresh healthy leaves obtained on both sampling occasions. Control containers were supplemented with N and P in amounts similar to those introduced to experimental containers with macrophyte extracts. That way the experimental set up excluded the possibility of phytoplankton limitation by nutrients. Under such conditions the extracts from S. aloides strongly reduced phytoplankton biomass measured as the concentration of chlorophyll a (from 370 to 141 mg chl. a m⁻³ in spring and from 266 to 50 mg chl. a m⁻³ in summer). The inhibition of phytoplankton growth was indirectly confirmed by higher concentrations of available nutrients in experimental versus control containers. The extracts affected also the spring phytoplankton community structure by selective inhibition of diatoms and, to a less extent, of green algae and Cryptophyceae. Similar response of phytoplankton biomass to extracts obtained from submerged and floating S. aloides might suggest that allelochemicals were the constitutive part of macrophyte tissue and their production was not induced by competition between macrophyte and algae.
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