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An experiment was carried out with endophytic fixing bacteria Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas fluorescens isolated from brinjal, in different combinations with inorganic fertilizers by seed inoculation of brinjal to observe preliminary vegetative growth at 15th and 30th day and pigment contents in vegetable nursery bed (proplates). A total number of 28 endophytic bacteria isolated from brinjal from three localities (Annamalai University, Karaikal and Putthur). Further the isolates were subjected to various biochemical tests for their species level identification and nitrogen fixing ability was estimated. Based upon their N-fixing ability and IAA production, two strains, one Azospirillum sp. and one Pseudomonas sp. isolate was selected and tested for its performance in brinjal. The seeds treated with 75% Chemical fertilizer + Azospirillum brasilense + Pseudomonas fluorescens (T6) showed maximum plant vegetative characters, followed by others compared with control.
Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) suffers from the attack of various pests throughout its different stages of the crop growth. Different insecticides are used to control these pest infestations. The application of these insecticides on brinjal plants may have an effect on their quality and nutritional parameters of fruit samples. In the present study effect of three different insecticides viz. Triazophos 40% E.C. Carbaryl 50% W.D.P, Cypermethrin 10% E.C. and Azadiractin 10,000 ppm formulation belonging to different groups namely organophosphate, carbamate, synthetic pyrethroids and botanical insecticide on brinjal fruit quality, nutritional parameters and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were assessed in field conditions. The results showed that different insecticides at field application dose showed minute insignificant variation in fruit nutritional and total antioxidant activity parameters in comparison to the control samples. The fruit quality parameters also showed minute variation in comparison to the control, except in the case of Triazophos treated samples which showed significant variation (p<0.05) in total soluble sugar content and crude protein.
In the years 2002–2003, in a foil tunnel, vegetation experiment in the growing of two eggplant cultivars ‘Epic F1’ and ‘Solara F1’ were carried out. Plants were grown in cylinders of 6 dm3 capacity filled with substrate which consisted of: 1) raised peat (from Lithuania), 2) pine bark + low-moor peat (v : v = 1 : 1). In the vegetation period, top-dressing with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was applied. Fruit harvest was carried out many times. The total fruit yield was determined. Index parts of plants were sampled for analyses in which the following values were identified: in ‘Epic’ cultivars: 1.12–3.40% N; 0.42–1.14% P; 1.80–4.81% K. In ‘Solara’ cultivars, the following values were found: 1.17–3.50% N; 0.53–1.27% P; 1.96–4.00% K, depending on the substrate and the fertilization level. Differences were found in the total yield and in the nutritional status of plants, depending on the substrate, fertilization level, cultivar and term of sampling.
The paper presents literature data on the flowering biology of eggplant and the influence of flower heterostyly on yielding. Flowers with long–styled pistol are the majority among all flowers on a plant (60%). Number of flowers with medium and short style is lower (10–15% and 22–30%, respectively). Eggplants set fruits from flowers with long style in 49–100% and with medium style in 46–85%. These flower’s stigmata have well – developed nodules and well – permissible tissues rich in polysaccharides, proteins styled flowers have small stigmata with underdeveloped nodules and, due to worse absorption, they are not pollinated and do not set fruits. Taking into account the complexity of many factors that make difficult or impossible to self-pollinate the eggplant’s flowers, the efficiency of three procedures intensifying the fruit budding has been presented: bunch vibrating, flower harmonization, and natural pollinating by bumblebees. Many authors’ studies confirm that flower bunch vibrating has not caused sufficient pollen setting on stomata and has not been sufficient for good eggplant flower pollination. Applying growth regulators appears to be more efficient and significantly affects the improvement of eggplant’s yielding. The highest efficiency has been achieved when applying insects as natural pollinators at cultivating the eggplant under covers.
Due to strong eggplant growth and the formation of large vegetative weight quantities in growing under glass and foil it was deemed useful to conduct studies on the effect of pruning intensity on yielding of this vegetable in rooms. The aim of the foregoing studies was to demonstrate the effect of plant pruning and topping manner on yield quantity and earliness. The experiment was conducted in the years 2001–2003. The study objects were the plants of ‘Epic F1’ cultivar. Eggplant was grown in rigid foil cylinders of the capacity of 10 dm3 in the peat substrates. The plants were trimmed, managing for one, two, three, four, five, six guiding shoots and in the natural form, without trimming. Topping cut was performed in each combination after the first fruit harvest. The experiment was established and conducted as a two-factor one, in accordance with a complete randomization system: A – pruning method (a = 7), B – topped and non-topped plants (b = 2). Each combination of the examined factors was represented by 20 plants (experimental units). A significant effect of pruning intensity on the quantity and earliness yielding was demonstrated. The highest marketable fruit yield was obtained from plants managed for two (3.82 kg.m-2), three (3.98 kg.m-2), and four (3.87 kg.m-2) guiding shoots. Managing for one guiding shoot significantly decreased the total and marketable fruit number. The highest early yield was collected from plants managed for one and two guiding shoots. A single topping cut performed after the first fruit harvest did not affect marketable yield and marketable fruit number.
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is one of the most popular common major vegetable crops worldwide. This study evaluated the nutritional content of seven commercial eggplant fruits in terms of fatty acid, mineral, sugar, organic acid, amino acid and polyamine contents. The most abundant fatty acid was linoleic acid (range, 39.14-53.81%, ave. 45%), and the most abundant mineral was K (range, 1556.2-3171.6 mg/kg fw, ave. 2331.9). The major organic acid was malic acid (range, 129.87-387.01 mg/g fw, ave. 157.49), and the major sugar was fructose (range, 1242.811379.77 mg/100 g fw, ave. 1350.88). The major polyamine was putrescine (11.54 and 25.70 nmol/g fw, ave. 17.86), and the major amino acid was glutamine (148.4 and 298.75 mg/100 g fw, ave. 219.74). Overall, taking into account the export potential of eggplants, these results may contribute to further studies aiming to improve other nutrient-rich varieties of eggplant in breeding programs.
Opracowano prostą, dwustopniową metodę analizy składu naturalnych frakcji roślinnych glikozydów steroli. Metoda polega na wstępnym rozdzieleniu frakcji, ze względu na rodzaj składnika cukrowego, metodą chromatografii cienkowarstwowej i następnym rozdzieleniu poszczególnych glikozydów, ze względu na rodzaj składnika sterolowego, metodą chromatografii gazowej.
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