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Subject and purpose of work: The study presents the effects of agricultural advisory services in the eastern part of Mazovia. The effect of advisory work was the number of services provided by advisers over a three-year-long period of their work. The state institution providing advisory services for farmers in this area is the Warsaw-based Mazovian Agricultural Advisory Centre (MAAC) with a Branch Office in Siedlce. The main objective of the conducted research was to assess the performance of agricultural advisers within six counties: Siedlce, Węgrów, Garwolin, Łosice, Sokołów and Mińsk, located in the eastern part of Mazovian (pol. Mazowieckie) Province. Materials and methods: The activity of the Siedlce Branch was analysed during the years 2012-2014. Particular attention was paid to the distribution and availability of services to farmers. This study was prepared on the basis of an analysis of available internal documents from MAAC and the literature on this field. Results: Based on the performed studies, it was found that agricultural advisory services play a very important role in the adaptation of farms to changing environmental conditions. Conclusions: Nowadays, in the era of globalisation and integration farmers face new challenges, which would be difficult to meet without an efficient agricultural advisory system.
Background. Vegetables constitute a vital part of the human diet, being the main source of minerals, vitamins, dietary fibre and phytochemicals. They however, also contain nitrates and nitrites, which adversely affect human health. Objective. To determine nitrate and nitrite content in selected vegetables purchased at supermarket chains in Siedlce and to assess their impact on consumer health. Material and methods. Vegetable samples were purchased from local supermarkets in Siedlce, town situated in the Mazovian province (Voivodeship) of Poland. These consisted of 116 samples of nine vegetables types including butterhead and iceberg lettuce, beetroot, white cabbage, carrot, cucumber, radish, tomato and potato collected between April and September 2011. Concentrations of nitrate and nitrite were determined by standard colorimetric methods used in Poland, with results expressed as mg per kg fresh weight of vegetables. Results. Nitrate concentrations varied between 10 mg∙kg-1 to 4800 mg∙kg-1. The highest mean nitrate concentrations were found in radishes (2132 mg∙kg-1), butterhead lettuce (1725 mg∙kg-1), beetroots (1306 mg∙kg-1) and iceberg lettuce (890 mg∙kg-1), whereas the lowest were found in cucumber (32 mg∙kg-1) and tomato (35 mg∙kg-1). Nitrite levels were also variable; the highest concentrations measured were in beetroot (mean 9.19 mg∙kg-1) whilst much smaller amounts were present in carrot, cucumbers, iceberg lettuce, white cabbage, tomatoes and potatoes. The daily adult consumption of 100 g amounts of the studied vegetables were found not exceed the ADI for both nitrates and nitrites. Conclusions. Findings indicated the need for monitoring nitrate and nitrite content in radishes, butterhead lettuce and beetroot due to consumer health concerns.
In the paper the author attempts to carry out a comparison between the floristic composition and structure of plant communities present in cereal crops of the rural areas of the Siedlce Upland and the floristic composition and structure of the analogue plant communities found in the area of Siedlce, which is the biggest town of this geographic mesoregion. Tables of the following syntaxons were analysed in the comparative analysis: Papaveretum argemones, Papaver argemones-Vicia tetrasperma, Vicietum tetraspermae scleranthetosum and Vicietum teraspermae typicum. It was observed that the urban plant communities had a greater floristic variety, a greater participation of perennial and ruderal species, as well as, a more complex phytosociological structure, with the exception of few typical patches, comprising diagnostic species of various syntaxons.
The aim of this work was to establish a level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, recognised by the World Health Organisation as mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds) in samples of soil collected along the ring road in city Siedlce, which is an element of the main route Berlin-Moscow. Our investigation was carried out in selected points of collecting the samples since April to October 2000, i.e. in a period of growth and final vegetation of plants. Analysis was carried out using Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) and reverse phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Concentrations of individual compounds were between 10⁻⁷ and 10⁻⁹mg kg⁻¹.
Attempt of comparative analysis of the segetal flora of Siedlce City with similar flora of areas of arable lands of the Siedlce Upland is presented in the paper. Received results show the larger value for urban flora of apophitysm coefficient - 63,3% (61 % for Upland), flora modernization - 0,52 (0,42 for Upland) and flora labii1ity - 19 (15 for Upland). On the other hand segetal flora of the Siedlce Upland is characterized by largersynanthropization coefficient - 104 (93 for the city). As to other differences, considerable larger participation of perennial species in the flora of the city (45,5% Siedlce; 37,1 % Upland) is noteworthy. Moreover the occurrence of juvenile forms of arborescent species and plants running wild from dens and parks, e.g.: Mathiola incana, Aesculus hippocastanus, Sedum reflexum, Nigella damascena, Helianthus tuberosus among species weeding urban cultivation clearly noticeable.
The waste activated sludge from Siedlce contained the largest amount of sulphur (7.4 g kg-1 of DM) and the lowest FYM (0.9 g kg-1 of DM). The largest amount of nitrogen was determined as coming from the waste sludge from the poultry processing factory Drosed (89.2 g kg-1 of DM) and the lowest in the FYM (18.7 g kg-1 of DM). During one year of the incubation of the organic materials investigated, the rate of mineralization of sulphur and nitrogen compounds differed greatly and was influenced by the parameters investigated, such as the kind of soil and waste under the activation of sludge as well as the liming process.
W pracy podjęto próbę określenia i scharakteryzowania niektórych cech jakości ziemniaka jadalnego oferowanego w sieci handlowej Siedlec. Materiał do badań stanowiły bulwy ziemniaka pochodzące ze zbiorów z trzech kolejnych lat (2002-2004), pobierane raz w miesiącu, od października do czerwca, w pięciu sklepach na terenie Siedlec. Oznaczono procentową zawartość skrobi i procentową wydajność przy obieraniu oraz dokonano oceny organoleptycznej zewnętrznych i wewnętrznych cech jakości bulw. Stwierdzono, że z wyjątkiem regularności zarysu kształtu bulw i głębokości oczek pozostałe cechy spełniały wymagania co do jakości, określonej w normach. Największą zmiennością charakteryzował się typ kulinarno-użytkowy, zawartość skrobi oraz średnia masa bulwy, co świadczy o dużej różnorodności odmianowej ziemniaków, oferowanych przez dostawców. Badania wykazały, że wiele istotnych i wysoce istotnych zależności między cechami jakościowymi bulw było determinowanych przez lata, miesiące, jak i punkty zakupu. Różnorodność zależności zachodząca między badanymi cechami ziemniaków zakupionych w poszczególnych miesiącach i sklepach, a także duża zmienność w latach były wynikiem różnic genetycznych (odmianowych) oraz zmian fizjologicznych bulw, modyfikowanych warunkami przechowywania.
Metodą AAS oznaczono zawartość Cu, Zn, Cd i Pb w warzywach uprawianych w latach 1986-1988 oraz w roku 1990 w ogródkach działkowych Siedlec. Za pomocą analizy wariancji stwierdzono istotne różnice w zawartości oznaczanych pierwiastków pomiędzy gatunkami badanych warzyw. Nie stwierdzono nadmiernych ilości pierwiastków szkodliwych w warzywach.
Oznaczono zawartość Cd, Pb, Mn, Zn, czarnego metodą atomowej spektrometrii poddano próbki z Siedlec i okolic. Wyniki Fe, Cu, Mg i Ca w owocach i liściach bzu absorpcyjnej (FAAS i GFAAS). Badaniom oznaczeń poddano analizie statystycznej.
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