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Species of anamorphic fungi rare and new for Poland

84%
Morinia pestalozzioides, Seimatosporium hypericinum, Septoria artemisiae, S. artemisiaemaritimae, S. achilleicolaand S. symphyti, fungi not recorded in Poland before, are described and illustrated. The species were found during studies on the occurrence of parasitic fungi conducted in selected sites in the Słowiński National Park and in the Western Pomerania between 2001 and 2004.
The study, covering analysis of the variation in the intensity of septoria leaf spot, made use of the results obtained in Post-registration Variety Testing experiments carried out in Lower Silesia. Of these experiments, eight locations characterized by diverse soil conditions were selected. The analysis regarded a three-year period of cultivation, spanning 2004–2006, of eleven winter wheat cultivars. The experiments were conducted in the standard variant (a₁) and the intensive (a₂), the latter differing in nitrogen fertilization higher by 40 kg ha⁻¹, full chemical protection against fungal diseases, use of a growth regulator and foliar feeding of the plants with multi-nutrient preparation. The analysis performed has revealed significant interaction of the cultivars with the environment, which points out to varied reaction of the wheat genotypes to atmospheric and edaphic conditions in particular years of the study. The high values of the genotype-environment interaction obtained for the locations of Kobierzyce, Tarnów, Pawłowice and Krościna indicate that in the area of Lower Silesia these experimental sites are distinguishable by increased danger that the plants may be highly infected by populations of fungi representing the genus Septoria. The fact that the number of cultivars analyzed in Post-registration Variety Testing trials each year is different, the evaluations of the interaction between the genotypes and the environments may not be absolutely reliable. Therefore, the number of experimental sites of variable edaphic-climatic conditions which is taken under analysis should be large enough. The significant differences in the level of infection of particular genotypes obtained for some locations indicate the necessity to evaluate of new cultivars in numerous environments considering the genotype-environment interaction and the danger of occurrence of new races of fungi characterized by increased aggressiveness.
Leaf diseases' influence the relationship between the yield and yield components of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Field experiments were conducted during 2003-2006 on a light loamy gleyic cambisoil in the central part of Lithuania to determine how leaf disease severity level affects grain yield and yield components. The area under disease progress curves (AUDPC), grain yield and yield components were analysed using the analysis of variance and correlations. Infected wheat straw was applied to initiate epidemics in all treatments. Three winter wheat cultivars: Hereward, Aron and Tauras differing in the level of resistance to leaf diseases were used in the experiments. In total, six treatments were established: (i) untreated control, (ii) powdery mildew control (pmc) + leaf diseases severity level 0%, (iii) pmc + leaf diseases severity level 1.0-5.0%, (iv) pmc + leaf diseases severity level 5.1-10.0%, (v) pmc + leaf diseases severity level 10.1-25.0%, (vi) pmc + leaf diseases severity level > 25.1%. Wheat in all treatments, except for the untreated control, was protected by morpholine and triazole fungicides. Yield and yield components were affected by leaf diseases in all the treated cultivars during all experimental years. Significant (p ≶ 0.01) medium and strong correlation coefficients were found between AUDPC and yield in all the treated cultivars under high pressure of leaf diseases in 2004.
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