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A total 44 isolates of S. enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) belonged to three different phage types (PTs) 9a, 13a, 25 were analyzed by the technique of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Thirty and three strains were from two outbreaks (central and southern regions of the Slovak Republic PTs 13a, 25) and 11 isolates were sporadic isolates (PT9a). These isolates showed two different patterns in PFGE with Xbal digestion. Strains of PT13a generated PFP A and isolates of PT25 showed uniform PFP B. Nine sporadic isolates of PT9a belonged to PFP A and two isolates to PFP B. The PFPs A and B were differed by only two bands. The distribution of Xbal profiles did not corresponded with PTs. We conclude that the close genetic similarity observed between epidemiologically unrelated and outbreak-related isolates ofS. Enteritidis suggest clonal relationship of these isolates.
Scharakteryzowano 41 szczepów S. Enteritidis określając ich lekowrażliwość, typując bakteriofagami wg Ward, oraz wyznaczając elektroforetyczne profile plazmidowego DNA. Wyizolowane z ognisk zatruć pokarmowych w Polsce w maju i czerwcu 2001 roku szczepy S. Enteritidis będące przedmiotem niniejszego opracowania przedstawiają różne typy fagowe. Wszystkie szczepy posiadają plazmid o wielkości 57 kb oraz dodatkowo plazmidy swoiste dla ich typów fagowych. Zaobserwowano przypuszczalną konwersję szczepu o typie fagowym 21 do typu 1var.
Określono wrażliwość na antybiotyki i chemioterapeutyki 510 szczepów pałeczek Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica reprezentujących 56 serotypów, izolowanych w latach 1998 - 2000 z próbek kału ludzi chorych i zdrowych oraz próbek żywności i ścieków. Stwierdzono, że 42,9% szczepów było opornych na 2 lub więcej antybiotyków (szczepy MDR). Oporne szczepy należały głównie do serotypów Typhimurium, Hadar i Virchow. Wykryto dwa szczepy Salmonella wytwarzające ESBL
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using aqueous mint (Mentha piperita) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea var.capitata) extracts and their antibacterial activity. The objective of this study was the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NP) using leaves of mint and cabbage extracts as the reducing and stabilising agents. The presence of nanoparticles was initially confirmed by the obtained colour and next by transmission electron microscope (TEM). TEM analysis of obtained Ag-NP indicated that their size ranged 5-50 nm for mint and 10-150 nm for cabbage. The antibacterial activity of nanoparticles against pathogenic strains Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica were assessed by evaluation of metabolic activity, using the PrestoBlue and XTT test. The higher inhibition of bacterial viability was observed against Gram negative (E. coli, S. enterica) than Gram positive (S. aureus) bacteria.
Microbial colonization is an important step in establishing pathogenic or probiotic relations to host cells and in biofilm formation on industrial or medical devices. The aim of this work was to verify the applicability of quantitative PCR (Real-Time PCR) to measure bacterial colonization of epithelial cells. Salmonella enterica and Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cell line was used as a model. To verify sensitivity of the assay a competition of the pathogen cells to probiotic microorganism was tested. The qPCR method was compared to plate count and radiolabel approach, which are well established techniques in this area of research. The three methods returned similar results. The best quantification accuracy had radiolabel method, followed by qPCR. The plate count results showed coefficient of variation two-times higher than this of qPCR. The quantitative PCR proved to be a reliable method for enumeration of microbes in colonization assay. It has several advantages that make it very useful in case of analyzing mixed populations, where several different species or even strains can be monitored at the same time.
Standard Salmonella isolation procedure is focused on the detection of strains showing properties typical for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica. The paper describes a case of the isolation of sucrose-fermenting Salmonella Anatum strain. Atypical biochemical properties might influence the sensitivity of method used in Salmonella diagnostics. The performed comparison study revealed the unique property of Salmonella Anatum strains. Compared to other Salmonella strains those strains degradated a higher number of carbohydrates and alcohols. But in contrast to other serovars they were not lysed by Salmonella specific bacteriophage O-1. A relatively low antimicrobial resistance provides the possibility for effective treatment of Salmonella Anatum infections in humans. Recently Salmonella Anatum strains have been isolated along the food chain and from humans in several European countries. Therefore the authors draw attention to the possible public health implications of Salmonella Anatum occurrences.
The presence of class 1 integrons was investigated in 156 epidemiologically unrelated Salmonella Typhimurium isolates. Of these 156 isolates, 70 were of definitive phage type DT104 and 86 were strains of various phage type, RDNC and untypable, designated here as non-DT104 strains. Intégrons were found in 47 of DT104 isolates (67.1%), while in all strains with characteristic pentaresistance (R-type ACSSuT) two intégrons 1.0 kb and 1.2 kb in size were found. Among 86 non-DT 104 strains, intégrons with sizes of 1.6 kb and 1.9 kb in four multidrug-resistant strains DT193 and U302 were found. The intégrons from selected strains were further sequenced and the aadA1, aadA2, dlifrl, dhfr12 and blaPSE genes were found embedded in cassettes.
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