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The study on the young (from 1-month-old larvae to smolts) sea trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta) in Pomeranian rivers involved 21 morphometric characters and 10 meristic characters, opercular bone pattern, anal fin shape, pyloric caeca count, and coloration.
During a five-year period, the fecundity and egg size of individual Vistula sea trout marked with PIT tags were studied. The dependencies between fish length, age and the number of times the fish had spawned and its fecundity and egg size were analyzed. Both fecundity and egg size increased as fish length increased. However, after taking into consideration fish growth, fecundity decreased slightly with age while egg size increased. These two traits were mutually inversely correlated. After taking into consideration differences in length, fish that were spawning for the first time were less fecund than their peers at a similar egg size.
Antioxidant defence system (activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase), and free radical modification of lipids were determined in the gills from male and female brown trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta L.) affected by ulcerative dermal necrosis (UDN). In both males and females, lipid oxidation in the gills from UDN-affected trout showed higher values as compared to the respective control. UDN induced an increase of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels both in the gills of males and females. UDN caused a decrease in gill antioxidant enzyme activities. This might be due to inactivation of the abovementioned enzymes by the end products of lipid peroxidation. The importance of the glutathionemediated antioxidant defence system in protection against UDN-induced oxidative stress was demonstrated.
Furunculosis appears from time to time in salmonids in different rivers. It was noted in sea tout from the Dunajec River in 1923 and 1924. In 2007 and 2008, it was noted in sea trout and salmon from Pomeranian rivers, where from 80 to 2,400 sea trout spawners were caught. The degree of infection ranged widely from 0.00% in the Łeba to 74.7% in the Słupia and Rega rivers. In 2007, of the 1,381 sea trout weighing 1949.5 kg caught in the Słupia River, 1031 fish weighing 1,664 kg were cleared for utilization. The most diseased fish were observed in the Słupia and Rega rivers. The number of salmon caught in 2007 and 2008 was lower than that of sea trout and ranged from 2 to 65 individuals from the various rivers. The percentage of infected fish ranged from 8.3% (Słupia) to 58.3% (Rega). Funuculosis was noted more frequently in males than females, as well as in more salmon than in sea trout. Bacteriological assays indicated the presence of Aeromonas hydrophila Complex, Aeromonas sorbia, Pseudomonas flurescens, Streptococus mutans, Streptococus sp. Internal organ bleeding was also noted. In the Vistula, Drwęca, Łeba, and Łupawa rivers and in hatcheries rearing spawners of both salmon and sea trout, no symptoms of furunculosis were noted.
A total of 277 smolts of the migratory morphotype of the brown trout from the Gowienica River (Pomerania) was examined. The present survey was based on four fishing seasons: 1980, 1982, 1983, and 1984. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the body length and the scale radius and to determine the growth rate based on the back reading method.
The present paper shows the age, mean length, and weight of smolts of the migratory morphotype of the brown trout, grown in the drainage area of the Gowienica River (Pomerania). The above parameters are given separately for both sexes and all age groups. Because the scales of the smolts were in the period of annual ring formation, the age determination was preceded by counting the annual rings and analysing the edge increments. The study was based on a total of 277 smolts acquired in four fishing seasons covering the years of 1980, 1982, 1983, and 1984.
We investigated the growth of hydromycoflora on the eggs of sea trout (Salmo trutta morpha trutta L.) in river water of different eutrophication levels. The eggs investigated were collected from 42 females caught during their spawning migration in the Parsęta River (west Pomerania), in Świbno on the Vistula River, and from those bred in fresh water in hatcheries at Miastko. The water for the experiments was collected from three different rivers: Biała (most), Krasna (middle) and Supraśl (low eutrophication). Fifty- -three species of fungi were identified on the eggs of forty-two females of sea trout. Achlya polyandra, Saprolegnia ferax and Saprolegnia parasitica were found on the eggs of all females. In the water from the Biała we observed 25 zoosporic fungus species on eggs, 34 in water from the Krasna, and 43 in water from the Supraśl. Forty zoosporic fungus species were found on the eggs of females from Świbno and 34 from Miastko, while only 25 were observed on the eggs of females from Parsęta. The following rare fungi were found: Achlya inflata, Aphanomyces frigidophilus and Saprolegnia salmonis.
The spawning stock of migratory sea trout in the Drwęca River was investigated 20 years after the Vistula River was dammed near Włocławek (1968). Fish scales and data were obtained from fish traps and anglers fishing in the lower Drwęca River. The age structure of sea trout which enter the Drwęca River to spawn and the percentage of them which are repeat spawners are presented taking into consideration the stocking coefficient. The age distribution was as follows: specimens returning to the river after one year in the sea-age A.0+ -1.3%;age group A.1+- 36.6%; age group A.2+ - 52.9%. The latter had spent three growth seasons in the sea and was the most numerous. Fish from age group A.3+ comprised an average of 8.5% of the samples. Repeat spawners comprised 4.3%. In addition to the more numerous summer sea trout, winter sea trout still occur in the Drwęca River, although they currently constitute only about 10% of all sea trout.
The rate of losses resulting from fish (rainbow trout of a total length of 12-23 cm, the same size as sea trout smolts) passing through turbines was estimated. The fish were provided with 3x4 cm Styrofoam floats tied to their backs under the dorsal fin. The tagged fish were immersed in covered buckets into the inlet of the turbine canal before switching on the turbines. The bucket lids were removed by a special line, and the fish were drawn into the turbine canal with the water flow. After passing through the canal, the fish, which had a limited area to move in at a greater depth and were easily identified due to the styrofoam floats, were recaptured manually with nets from boats. Fish losses at the hydroelectric power plants situated on Pomeranian rivers ranged from 0.0 to 60% and depended on the differences between water levels upstream and downstream from the hydroelectric power plants and on the turbine's rotation speed per minute.
The occurrence of M74 syndrome in female sea trout, Salmo trutta m. trutta, belonging to two populations returning to spawn in Polish rivers in the fall of 2003 and three from pond cultivation were investigated. Eggs from a total of 250 female specimens were investigated from rivers in northern Poland (10 – Parsęta, 100 – Miastko, 140 – Świbno). The study method applied involved comparing the concentrations in eggs of red (astaxanthin, canthaxanthin) and yellow (lutein, zeaxanthin) carotenoids. The specific carotenoids were determined with column chromatography (CC), thin layer chromatography (TLC), and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The eggs of the investigated female sea trout were divided into three groups according to color: yellow, yellow-orange, and orange. Fifteen carotenoids were identified in the investigated sea trout females. Red carotenoids dominated in orange and yellow-orange eggs, while yellow ones dominated in yellow eggs. M74 syndrome was identified in 35 females, which represented 14.0% of all the investigated sea trout.
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