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Dęby Rogalińskie stanowią największe skupisko starych dębów szypułkowych w Polsce i jedno z największych w Europie. Rosną one w okolicach Rogalina w rozleglej, płaskiej dolinie Warty, na odcinku od Rogalina do Świątnik po prawej i lewej stronie rzeki. Celem pracy była dokładna inwentaryzacja populacji starych dębów tworzących na tym terenie interesujący i unikalny krajobraz. Wszystkie drzewa (o obwodzie minimum 200 cm, mierzonym na wysokości 1,3 m od powierzchni ziemi) zostały zmierzone, opisane i naniesione na mapę. Ogółem odnotowano 1435 drzew. Wśród nich 284 to dęby pomnikowe o obwodzie powyżej 360 cm.
Old Common Oaks (Quercus robur L.), often connected with myths and legends, are the largest trees occurring in Central Europe. The present paper describes twelve largest girthed specimens of the species growing in Poland. Authors, based on their own measurements and researches, prepared a ranking list of these unique trees and estimated their health condition. Moreover, their exact localizations in Mielno, Bąkowo, Piotrowice, Kadyny, Januszkowice, Zagnańsk, Rogalin, Nogat, Węglówka, Młock, Rudka and Karczmiska were described and most popular facts and stories from their history were given. The largest girthed Common Oak in Poland is “Napoleon” growing in Mielno (1042,5 cm in circumference), the second one is the oak from Bąkowo (1020 cm) and the third – “Chrobry” from Piotrowice. In total in Poland there are three specimens of Common Oaks with trunk circumference of more than 1000 cm, and five more with circumference between 900 and 1000 cm.
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Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) is considered the main commercial tree species in conditions of floodplain forests of central Europe. In the Czech Republic clear-cutting silvicultural system represents a prevailing regeneration method of oak stands in floodplain forest. The natural regeneration is limited only in stands and years with sufficient acorn production. We analysed an acorn crop periodicity and an influence of canopy opening to the acorn production in South Moravian floodplain forest, Czech Republic between 2008 and 2011, The acorn crop from trees with different growth spaces in four stand conditions (closed canopy (A), moderate open canopy (B), open canopy (C) and single growing trees (D) with unlimited growth space was analysed. The amount of acorns was determined using seed traps placed under the crowns of sample trees. The average amount of acorns in 2009 and 2011 ranged from 13 (A) to 102 (C)/m2 and from 2 (A) to 124 (D)/m2, respectively. At the same time, a considerable difference was recorded in the fructification of sample trees in the various stand situations. Significant correlations were confirmed between the amount of acorns and crown size (r2 2009=0.27, r2 2011=0.07) of parent trees and their growth space – release area (r2 2009=0.42, r2 2011=0.25) and social area (r2 2009=0.31, r2 2011=0.26). The production of acorns could be affected by establishing conditions for the pedunculate oak with a minimum crown projection area in adult trees of at least 70 m2 and/or with a minimum release area of 300 m2, it means spacing between parent trees about 10 m or 100 trees per 1 ha.
The main properties of the soils under oak (Quercus robur L.) forests in Galicia (NW Spain) were characterized. Eleven edaphic parameters (pH, OM, N, C/N ratio, P, K, Ca, Mg, sand, silt and clay) were estimated in 39 soil samples. Siliceous substrates were present in all stands and the soils were found to be the cambisols. The values of chemical parameters are similar to those considered as the optimal ones by other authors (i.e., average pH close to 5, average C/N ratio close to 15) with the exception of the organic matter which is slightly higher; the average value is equal to 8.64 ± 5.19. The content of nutrients can be considered as the low or medium (for instance, the potassium is only 73 ppm) as compared with other forests in the study area, except the content of phosphorus, which is considerably higher (21.8 ppm versus 1–6 ppm).
This study was carried out in north−eastern Poland in 20 Scots pine stands with well−developed lower layer of pedunculate oak. In each stand, 5 highest oak trees were selected. Basing on the stem analysis, a growth model for oak undergrowth in Scots pine stands was elaborated. It can be used for determination the height growth rate in relation to the age and height of oak. Obtained model was compared to the already existing one for oaks growing without canopy [Bruchwald at el. 1996]. Growth rate of undergrowth oaks was significantly delayed in the initial period by 20−30 years.
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