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The available phytosociological data and original observations were used for preparing a list of plant communities with Sorbus torminalis on its natural sites in Poland. The community context of its sites showed a wide range: from pine-oak forests (alliance Dicrano-Pinion) and oak forests (Quercetalia robori-petraeae, Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae) to oak-hornbeam forests (Carpinion) and beech forests (Fagion). Oak-hornbeam forests (Carpinion) are the most frequent communities with S. torminalis in Poland. Despite this, oak forests (especially the open thermophilous forests of Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae) seem to be the most suitable sites for growth and reproduction of this light-demanding tree species. Some remarks on S. torminalis conservation in the community context were also presented as its passive protection in some forest reserves has proved to be ineffective or even harmful.
Vegetation of deciduous forests in the Štiavnické vrchy Mts (Central Slovakia) was studied using the standard Zürich-Montpellier approach. The numerical classification and ordination technique were applied to determine the main forest vegetation types and to find the responsible environmental drivers related to their distribution patterns, respectively. The data set including 198 relevés collected by authors in 1997-2009 and 185 relevés excerpted from literature was used to analysis. Numerical classification resulted in delimitation of fourteen vegetation types representing eleven associations with two variants and two communities within the Quercetea roboripetraeae and Querco-Fagetea classes. The major environmental gradients in variation of forest species composition were associated with moisture and nutrient content following the average Ellenberg indicator values. Along the moisture gradient, vegetation types were ordered from subxerophilous oak forests turn mesophilous mixed oak-hornbeam, beech and ravine forests to hygrophilous riparian alder forest. The results confirmed important role of soil nutrients and moisture by determination of forest vegetation in subcontinental part of Central Europe. Special attention was given to the discussion of floristical characteristics, site conditions and syntaxonomy.
A wide range of ecological conditions on anthropogenic sites makes it easy for different usable species to infiltrate and spread there. The data were collected since 1998. The spontaneous flora of railway areas of the central-eastern part of Poland is composed of already recorded 950 vascular plants, of which 373 are recognized as usable, including 78 dye plants, 162 medicinal, 324 nectariferous or polleniferous taxons. The majority of taxons are distributed in disperse (128 species 34%) or occur rarely (96 species 26%). The common or frequent species constitute 40% of usable flora of the studied area. Medicinal and melliferous plants occur most frequently on slopes of trenches and railway embankments in nearly natural habitats. They mostly grow as single individuals or form loose and rarely dense patches. The analysis of their geographical status confirms the ultimate prevalence of apophytes over anthropophytes. Considering syntaxonomic structure, there are mainly species typical for phytoceonoses from Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, Artemisietea vulgaris, Stellarietea mediae, Festuco-Brometea, Querco-Fagetea classes.
This paper presents results of abundance field research, distribution and habitat and phytocoenotic preferences of Trisetum sibiricum on the Gutowo Meadows (Urszulewo Plain, NE Poland), in a locality outside the continuous range of distribution. The species grown in wet, not used meadows, in places overflooded by beavers, partially afforested. The research was carried out in 2013 and the results were compared with analogical data from 2000–2002. Currently a higher abundance of species (circa 1600 tufts), a larger area of the locality (circa 2.5 ha), larger phytosociological spectrum and a larger share of hygrophilous species in species composition of the examined phytocoenoses was revealed. In 2013 a share of Trisetum sibiricum was noted in 12 plant communities from seven classes (Phragmitetea australis, Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae, Bidentetea tripartiti, Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, Artemisietea vulgaris, Alnetea glutinosae and Querco-Fagetea), and in 2000–2002 – only in seven plant communities from three classes (Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae, Molinio-Arrhenatheretea and Artemisietea vulgaris). Formerly the species was listed mainly in phytocoenoses of Angelico-Cirsietum oleracei and currently most often in phytocoenoses of Junco-Molinietum.
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