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Nine species of the genus Coenodomus (including one unnamed species) are recognized from China. Among them, four species are described as new to science: C. anacanthos sp. nov., C. pachycaulosus sp. nov., C. puniceus sp. nov. and C. stigma. sp. nov. Two species, C. fumosalis (Hampson, 1903) and C. rotundinidus Hampson, 1891 are reported in China for the first time. All adults and their genital structures are illustrated. A key to the Chinese species and an updated checklist of the genus are provided.
The main component of Mediterranean flour moth (Anagasta kühniella Zell) pheromone (9Z,12E)-9,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate (ZETA) was obtained in the course of stereoselective Witting reaction of l-acetoxynonane-9-al with ylide generated from (3E)-pentenetriphenylphosphonium bromide in the presence of sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (NaHMDS). Among the three adhesives CUSA, Estonia, Poland), evaluated under laboratory conditions, applied with pheromone ZETA and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol used as antioxidant on sticky paper stripes, the highest number of male catching revealed the last one. After one fortnight the catching effectiveness of all the glues tested decreased.
Three Chalcididae, namely Brachymeria ceratoniae Delvare sp. nov., Proconura persica sp. nov. and Psilochalcis ceratoniae Delvare sp. nov., are described from Iran. They were all reared from the carob moth Apomyelois ceratoniae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), the main pest of Ceratonia siliqua. Invreia subita Nikol'skaya, 1960 is formally transferred to the genus Psilochalcis. A lectotype is designated for Brachymeria confalonierii Masi, 1929.
Insect growth regulators generally have a selective effect on the target insects and have practically no apparent side effect on non-target organisms especially vertebrates. Hence, insect growth regulators could be a suitable choice to control pests in stored products. Ten-day-old larvae of Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) were expressed to the juvenile hormone analogue pyriproxyfen in order to have an effect on growth, metamorphosis, reproduction, lipid and protein contents of ovaries. The larvae were treated by 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16, and 0.3 ppm of JHA in an artificial diet where controls received acetone alone. The results indicated significant differences in duration of growth, mean longevity of hatched adults, percentage of emerged normal adults, abnormal pupae, hatched larvae and mean oviposition ratein addition to the lipid and protein of ovaries compared to the controls. An inhibition concentration of fifty (IF50) for prevention of emerging adults was recorded 0.134 ppm. Pyriproxyfen caused significant defects in the legs and wings of some adults and sever morphological changes in the ovaries of emerged adults. The results showed that pyriproxyfen may be applied as an insecticide to decrease the damage caused by Indian meal moth on stored products. Pyriproxyfen can be used with low side effects to humans.
We report on generation of marker-free ('clean DNA') transgenic rice (Oryza sativa), carrying minimal gene-expression-cassettes of the genes of interest, and evaluation of its resistance to yellow stem borer Scirpophaga incertulas (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The transgenic indica rice harbours a translational fusion of 2 different Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) genes, namely cry1B-1Aa, driven by the green-tissue-specific phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) promoter. Mature seed-derived calli of an elite indica rice cultivar Pusa Basmati-1 were co-bombarded with gene-expression-cassettes (clean DNA fragments) of the Bt gene and the marker hpt gene, to generate marker-free transgenic rice plants. The clean DNA fragments for bombardment were obtained by restriction digestion and gel extraction. Through biolistic transformation, 67 independent transformants were generated. Transformation frequency reached 3.3%, and 81% of the transgenic plants were co-transformants. Stable integration of the Bt gene was confirmed, and the insert copy number was determined by Southern analysis. Western analysis and ELISA revealed a high level of Bt protein expression in transgenic plants. Progeny analysis confirmed stable inheritance of the Bt gene according to the Mendelian (3:1) ratio. Insect bioassays revealed complete protection of transgenic plants from yellow stem borer infestation. PCR analysis of T₂ progeny plants resulted in the recovery of up to 4% marker-free transgenic rice plants.
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