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A novel mutation, insertion/deletion (InDel) was found in the porcine prolactin gene exon 5 coding for the 3’UTR. Polymorphism was detected and identified using PCR-MSSCP and DNA sequencing techniques, and then analysed with PCR-RFLP using HpyCH4III endonuclease. Inserted/deleted was an 11-bp TGTTTCTTAAC motive that occurred once or twice at position 201-222 in the amplified DNA fragment. The investigations covered 150 gilts of the Puławska breed from the herds under the Preserve Breeding Project. The frequencies of the inserted and deleted PRL gene variants were 0.34 and 0.66, respectively. The estimated value of heterozygosity (Ĥ) was 0.253 and the polymorphism information content (PIC) amounted to 0.348.
The aim of the study was to analyze sexual activities of gilts representing various genotype groups in the RBP4 and MC4R locus. Observations of gilt behaviour during the first and the second oestrus (before initiation of the reproduction phase) were carried out in the Pulawska breed from conservation breeding. The evaluation process comprised the duration of the heat as well as the intensity of heat behaviours. Polymorphism identification in RBP4 (SNP: rs55618789) and MC4R (SNP: rs81219178) genes was performed, which resulted in the identification of three (MC4R: AA, AG and GG) and two (RBP4: CC and CT) gilt genotype groups. Significantly varying sexual activities were observed: the most intensive heat symptoms were demonstrated by CT gilts in the course of the first (P ≤ 0.05) and second (P ≤ 0.01) oestrus (locus RBP4) reaching, on average, 2.15 ± 0.13 and 2.52 ± 0.13 pt. It was further determined that the heats of CT gilts lasted longer and this difference, in the second heat, was significant (P ≤ 0.01). In the case of the MC4R locus, significant differences in gilt sexual activities were observed only in the course of the second oestrus (P ≤ 0.05). In addition, a strong association was also demonstrated of AA (locus MC4R) and CC (locus RBP4) genotypes with the thickness of the subcutaneous fat tissue (P ≤ 0.05) amounting in these gilts to 11.57 ± 0.21 mm and 11.50 ± 0.19 mm, respectively.
Analysis of the weaned piglets reaction on the handling material with colored balls and possibility of exploration and chewing. Maintaining proper pig welfare levels in intensive production systems requires the use of appropriate handling materials. At present, there are many elements commonly referred to as "toys" in breeding and production, but not all of them meet safety and functional requirements. The purpose of the study was to analyze the reaction of weaned piglets on a toy pen - an “abacus” with colored balls (test version). Direct observations were made on the behaviour of piglets of the Pulawska and Polish Large White breeds using the ethogram, taking into account motor activity with elements of interest in the “abacus”, including: climbing on the "abacus", shifting balls (interest in yellow, blue, red), rest, excretory behaviour, nutritional behaviour. It was found that piglets of the Pulawska breed climbed the “abacus” for more time (15.2 min, ie. 3.6 minutes longer than the Polish Large White breed), and the PLW breed moved balls longer (26.2 min., ie. 9.6 minutes longer than the Pulawska breed). Piglets of the two breeds had the least interest for red balls. Piglets of the Pulawska breed preferred the most blue and then yellow balls. Polish Large White piglets were more likely to choose yellow and blue balls. Eating time and water intake were higher in Pulawska breed, respectively 10.8 and 5.4 min compared to 6.6 and 3.0 min in Polish Large White breed.
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Целью соответствующих исследований была определение интенсивности прироста откормочников обеих пород и оценка их туш. Откорм проводился в период 100 дней осенью и зимой 1984/1985 гг. Опытный материал составляли 80 откормочников (по 40 голов каждой породы) сoдержимых в группах по 20 голов. Животные происходили от массового разведения. Данные касались материала 35 откормочных свиней пулавской и 23 свиней польской белой вислоухой породы, которые в определений период достигли предубойного веса. Откорм начался при весе тела 40 кг. Суточные привесы определяли в два периода: I-ый через 42 дня откорма, Il-ой через 99 дней откорма. Свиней подвергали убою в двух классах веса: 95 и 105 кг. Туши 24 пулавских откормочников (по 12 голов в классе) и 18 откормочников польской белой вислоухой породы (в том числе 10 голов с весом 95 кг и 8 голов с весом 105 кг) подвергали убойной оценке по методу SKURTCh. Установлены высокие темпы роста обеих пород. Среднесуточные привесы пулавских свиней в I-ый и II-ой период откорма были очень высокими (сответственно 760 и 723 г) и разнились высокосущественно от привесов свиней польской белой вислоухой породы (соответственно 715 и 556 г). Туши свиней польской белой вислоухой породы были длиннее и меньше менее ожиренными, имели более широкий глазох корейки и больше мяса в подлинном окороке (лучшее соотношение жир-мясо).
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