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One month old male Wistar rats were infected with 4,000 T. spiralis muscle larvae and exposed to intraperitoneal challenge with a lyophilized cell wall extract of Propionibacterium granulosum. The animals were arranged in groups which included naive controls, single and concurrent treatment. The latter comprised several groups differing only in the interval between infection with T. spiralis and administration of the bacterial extract. The intensity of infection was assessed during the intestinal (5 DAI, 10 DAI) and muscle (42 DAI) phases of infection, fecundity indices were calculated and changes in the relative concentration of peripheral blood leucocytes, erythrocytes and haemoglobin levels were monitored. No changes in erythrocyte concentration were detected in groups treated with the immunomodulator and infected with T. spiralis, but increased leucocyte counts, haematocrit and haemoglobin levels depended on the time of treatment in relation to infection and day on which the parameters were monitored. All rats treated with the bacterial extract had lower adult worm counts but harboured worms with enhanced fecundity relative to the control group. The intensity of the muscle phase was lower only in those groups treated with the bacterial extract after nematode infection.
The effect of Propionibacterium granulosum, glucan and isoprinosine on the course of infection of B6C3F₁ mice with T. spiralis was studied. The worm burdens in the intestinal and muscle phases of the infection and the weight of spleens were determined. The intensity of the infection was reduced mainly in mice exposed to P. granulosum, most clearly after intraperitoneal injection on the day of infection; only slight increase in weight of spleens was found in these mice. On the contrary, after exposure of mice to P. acnes, the intensity of infection and the weight of spleens were increased. The effect of glucan was dose dependent. Low single dose caused a decrease in the number of intestinal and muscle forms of the parasite. Higher doses of glucan did not have any effect on the intensity of the infection. Various doses of isoprinosine did not affect the elimination of T. spiralis, and rather showed a tendency to increase the intensity of the infection.
Immune response of rats exposed to 4000 L1 T. spiralis and treated with P. granulosum was measured. Intraperitoneal injection of propionibacteria results in an increase of percentage of T lymphocytes and an activation of neutrophils. The inhibition of macrophage migration was observed till 5 DAI. In infected rats, after P. granulosum intraperitoneal injection, an increase of specific IgG₁ antibody level was not observed. The reduction of the number of muscle larvae depended on the time of P. granulosum injection after infection with T. spiralis.
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