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Two species of parasitic nematodes, Heliconema ahiri Karve, 1941 (Physalopteridae) and Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) anguillae Moravec et al., 2006 (Camallanidae), were recorded from the Indonesian shortfin eel Anguilla bicolor bicolor Mc-Clelland in the Chalakkudi River and Veli Lake, respectively, both Kerala, India. The former species (H. ahiri), rediscovered from eels in India after 82 years from its original description, has been redescribed and revalidated based on its specific feature (presence of groups of minute denticles in the mouth) distinguishing it from other congeners; its finding in A. b. bicolor represents a new host record. The latter species (P. anguillae) has been recorded in India for the first time. SEM examination of its first-stage larvae from uterus has shown that P. anguillae is another species of Procamallanus whose larvae possess a crown of digit-like processes at the tail tip.
Nematode specimens of two Procamallanus species, P. (Procamallanus) planoratus Kulkarni, 1935 and P. (Spirocamallanus) guttatusi (Andrade-Salas, Pineda-López et García-Magaña, 1994), were collected from broadhead catfish Clarias macrocephalus (Clariidae, Siluriformes) and orange-spotted spinefoot Siganus guttatus (Siganidae, Perciformes), respectively, from the Philippines. Their examination, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) that was used for the first time in these species, made it possible to obtain new data on their morphology, to elucidate their systematic status, and to redescribe them. Procamallanus clarius Ali, 1957 and P. heteropneustus Ali, 1957 are considered junior synonyms of P. planoratus. Heavy P. guttatusi infections found in Siganus guttatus reared in Fish Hatchery of SEAFDEC AQD in Tigbauan, Iloilo indicate that this parasite may have negative implications on the health condition of fish in culture.
A new species of parasitic nematode, Rhabdochona (Rhabdochona) keralaensis sp. nov., is described based on specimens recovered from the intestine of Anguilla bengalensis bengalensis (Gray) collected from the freshwater bodies of Kerala State, southern India. It is characterized mainly by the presence of ten anterior prostomal teeth, absence of basal teeth, simple deirids, length of spicules, number and arrangement of preanal papillae and non-filamented eggs. Two species of camallanid nematodes, adults of Camallanus cotti Fujita, 1927 and a single Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) sp. fourth-stage larva, were also recorded from A. bengalensis. Camallanus cotti, a pathogenic parasite of many species of wild and aquarium-reared fishes in many countries of South and East Asia, Europe, South and North America, West Indies and Australia, is reported for the first time from a representative of the fish family Anguillidae. Descriptions of R. (R.) keralaensis and Indian specimens of C. cotti, based on light and scanning electron microscopical examinations, are provided. Camallanus oxygasterae Gupta et Bakshi, 1983 is considered a junior synonym of C. cotti.
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