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The effect of somatic cell count on the amount of daily milk yield and chemical composition of milk from 662 cows kept on 25 farms located in the region of southern Podlasie was analysed.Atotal of 5061 milk samples were evaluated. They were divided into four classes corresponding to the content of somatic cells in 1 ml of milk: <200,000; 201,000–400,000; 401,000–1,000,000; >1,000,000. It was found that, with an increase in the somatic cell count in 1 ml of milk, there was an increase in milk protein content from 3.36% to 3.54% and milk fat content from 4.02% to 4.16%, whereas the content of casein and dry matter in milk decreased from 2.56% to 2.45% and from 13.13% to 12.98%, respectively. Moreover, the percentage of casein in milk protein decreased from 76.2% to 69.2%. Also, milk yield was reduced, and the calculated losses in the milk yield resulting from an increase in the SCC were 10.6 to 17.3%.
Introduction. The results of breast cancer treatment depend mainly on better detection in mammography screening and, consequently, a higher proportion of women with early stage of the disease. They depend also on a better access to health care services and the effectiveness of oncological treatment. One of the methods of breast cancer control is a breastconserving surgery. With a proper patients’ classification for the treatment, the results of the breast-conserving surgery do not differ in relation to mastectomy. That’s why, the availability of breast-conserving surgical methods is particularly important, especially in a population in which a population screening is conducted. Objective. The analysis of the selected aspects of the breast cancer treatment’s standard in Podlaskie Voivodeship. Patients and methods. In years 2001–2002, 709 cases of women with breast cancer were reported to the Voivodeship Cancer Registry in Bialystok. 659 women were diagnosed with a primary invasive breast cancer. Based on a cohort of 499 women treated with radical methods the following indicators, recommended by WHO for the evaluation of the breastconserving surgery’s availability, were calculated: a percentage of patients with whom breast-conserving surgery was used, a proportion of breast cancer cases receiving post-operative breast radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery and a proportion of breast-conserving surgery in pT1 cases. Results. The breast-conserving surgery has been used much less frequently in Podlaskie Voivodeship than in Western Europe, but more frequently than in Poland in general. Conclusion. It should be aimed to provide a surgical treatment with the use of breast-conserving surgical methods to the highest possible percentage of patients. The increase of the percentage of patients treated with breast-conserving surgery methods can be a result of an effective screening realisation.
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This paper presents new distribution stands for 70 species of lichenized town from Łomża town (Podlasie, NE Poland). The investigations in the area of Łomża were carried out in the years 2014–2015, on 34 research stands. Seven species have been put on the Red list of the lichens in Poland (Cieśliński et al. 2006), including Rhizocarpon lavatum in critically endangered – CR, Ramalina fastigiata, R. fraxinea in the endangered category – EN, in the Ramalina farinacea in the vulnerable category – VU and Evernia prunastri, Hypogymnia tubulosa, Physcia aipolia in the category of near threatened – NT and five have been put under legal protection, two of which are strictly (Ramalina fastigiata, R. fraxinea) and three of which are partially protected (Cladonia arbuscula, Hypogymnia tubulosa, Ramalina farinacea). The lichens occur on following substrate types: soil, decaying wood, bark of all trees and shrubs species, boulders, concrete, foundation, mortar, plaster and bryophytes.
Workplace health threats bring with them the risk of occupational diseases and work accidents [1-4]. The aim of this study was to describe the main health threats emerging from working conditions in the Podlasie region and to compare these outcomes with the overall situation in Poland. This paper describes the analysis of the structure of occupational diseases and accidents in Podlasie. The analysis was performed based on the data gathered by the Main Statistical Office (GUS), National Labour Inspectorate (PIP) and Regional Labour Inspectorate in Białystok (OIP), Podlasie Voivodship Labour Medicine Centre (PWOMP) and Voivodship Sanitary Inspectorate in Białystok (WSSE). Furthermore, a review of legal acts and literature has been performed. The results indicate that the main group of occupational diseases in Podlasie is contagious and parasitic diseases, among them borreliosis (over 70%). In Poland the main problem is long-term glottis disease, emerging from repeated speaking of teachers. It was the result of lack of medical and educational prophylaxis concerning voice emission. The highest number of occupational accidents in 2005 in Podlasie region was observed in trade – similar to Poland overall. Observed occupational accidents were related with workers with the shortest work experience (less than 1 year) – about 30% of victims. The following conclusions were drawn based on the above-mentioned results: 1. The biggest problem in Podlasie is the presence of contagious and parasitic diseases; the high borreliosis incidences which belong to this group are related to farmers and foresters. 2. The main cause of occupational diseases in Podlasie region was workers’ misbehaviour. Trade workers were the main group of occupational accident victims in Podlasie. Most often the least experienced workers were injured.
The aim of this research was to determine the total content of zinc and its fractions in arable soils of the Province of Podlasie (województwo podlaskie) and to assess the correlation between the zinc content, its fractions and physicochemical properties of soils. The research material consisted of samples taken from arable soils in 81 points of the province, with one point chosen in the majority of the districts. Each point was located on mineral soil used as arable land, without any external source of contamination like roads or industrial plants. Samples were taken after harvest, from the arable layer, determined to lie within the depth of 0-30cm. The samples were submitted to determinations of the basic physicochemical properties of soil. The content of total zinc was determined after mineralization in aqua regia, by the flame atomic absorption spectrometry method. The content of zinc fractions was determined by the BCR method. There were four fractions determined: exchangeable, bound with oxides and hydroxides, bound with organic matter and residual zinc. The physicochemical properties of soils were highly differentiated except the grain-size composition. The content of total zinc was typical of arable uncontaminated soils and fluctuated in a wide range. The content and shares of zinc fractions in total zinc were as follows: for very light and light soil: organic>bound with oxides and hydroxides>exchangeable>residual; for medium-heavy soil: organic>exchangeable>bound with oxides and hydroxides>residual. Distribution of zinc in particular fractions was dependent to some degree on pH, content of organic matter and grain-size composition.
In case of disabled people we cannot discuss full health. Depending on the type of disability, mental or physical health is affected, or both. That is why social health as a third component of health is so important. Social health is determined by the disabled persons’ ability to work in a healthy place [1, 2] The main aim of this study was to describe the scale of the unemployment among disabled people as a social health threat in Podlasie region. The detailed aim was to describe how sheltered work facilities deal with unemployment. To analyze the problem of unemployment and sheltered work facilities activity we used information from GUS, the Regional Work Office in Białystok, the Podlasie Regional Office in Białystok, the Podlasie Department PFRON and local self-government. The results show that unemployment among disabled people is a big problem in Poland – among 4,085,000 disabled people in Poland, 3,550,000 are unemployed or professionally inactive. At the end of 2005 in the Podlasie region there were 2,315 of disabled people, which were 3.2% of all unemployed in the region. The following conclusions were drawn from the above-mentioned results: 1. The number of disabled people to the Podlasie is lower than the average for Poland; according to NSP data from 2002 there are approximately 143 disabled people per 1,000 inhabitants, and in Podlasie – 129 per 1000 inhabitants. 2. The main social health threat of disabled people aged 15-65 in Podlasie is unemployment.
The aim of the study was to investigate and assess integration and logistic activities in dairy farms operating in the FADN regions of Mazovia and Podlasie. The study used primary data from studies conducted by the author in 2013 on a target group of 100 households. The investigated population of farms was divided in terms of the number of cows in the following groups of up to 10 cows (9 households), 11–20 cows (27 households), 21–30 cows (31 households), 31–40 cows (14 households) and above 40 cows (19 households). The study used the survey method using questionnaire interviews. The research shows that farmers most frequently collaborated on the joint use of equipment and supplies of agricultural inputs. In contrast, farmers in the study frequently sold products to processing companies or intermediaries.
In this paper tourist sight and ecotouristic values of Podlaskie area and brand tourist product “The Podlaskie White Stork Trail”, was presented. This bicycling touristic route including the regions four National Parks (The Białowieża, Biebrza, Narew and Wigry NPs) and the Suwałki Landscape Park. The pristine of nature, rich culture and history of this land are ecotouristic attractions. Ecoturism is a form of active tourism involving visiting relatively undisturbed, often protected natural areas as: national or landscape parks and sanctuaries. This is tourism to areas of highly cultural and historical values, too.
The aim of the study was an attempt to evaluate the state of health of adolescents aged 15 years, living in Podlasie region near the border of Poland and Bielorus. Data from the Schoolchild Development and Health Investigation Charts covering 197 rural and 208 urban adolescents were analyzed. The significance of differences between the two populations were tested by Chi-square test at the level of p>0.05. The study showed that nearly 60% of rural and 70% of urban schoolchildren have health problems. The most common of these problems are associated with the body posture. The data on self-reported health indicated that the most often observed complaints in both populations (rural and urban) of adolescents were: headaches, difficulties with falling asleep and lack of appetite. In spite of the high incidence of health problems, the number of schoolchildren being attended by medical specialists in outpatient departments is relatively small, to the disadvantage of the rural population. The laryngology and ophthalmology departments were visited most frequently. The analysis of the results of the studies confirmed that the state of health of the children examined is unsatisfactory. An effective prevention of these negative phenomena requires the creation of efficient systemic mechanisms on the one hand, and on the other, a constant monitoring of objective and self-reported health.
Celem publikacji jest opracowanie projektu ogrodu w stylu wiejskim na Podlasiu. Projekt ten uwzględnia elementy charakterystyczne dla polskiej wsi, szczególnie cechy typowe dla regionu podlaskiego. Teren opracowania to działka o powierzchni 5700 m2 znajdująca się we wsi Werstok. Aby zrealizować cel badań przeprowadzono inwentaryzację dendrologiczno-fitosocjologiczną, analizę wybranych elementów środowiska nieożywionego oraz analizę otoczenia i powiązań widokowych. Projekt opracowano w skali 1 : 250.
Background: The objective of this study was to determine changes in the group size of girls and boys with proper BMI values and their peers with underweight, overweight and obesity in a twenty-year time span. Material/Methods: In 1985 and 1986,20,353 boys and girls were examined, and 20 years later, 10,705 students. Measurements of body height and body mass were taken, which enabled calculating values of the Body Mass Index (BMI). The statistical significance of differences between mean values obtained in 1986 and 2006 was verified with Student’s t-test for independent variables. The statistical significance of differences between the number of girls and boys classified to each group in respect of the whole group surveyed in 1986 and 2006 was determined with the χ² test. Results: The greatest generation changes in the mass-to-height proportions were noted in the youngest children from the Podlaskie Province. It was higher by 1.66% in pupils with 2nd degree underweight, and higher by 4.79% and 1.29% in pupils with overweight and obesity, respectively, while it was lower by 10.11% among boys with a normal BMI value. In girls the percentage with normal BMI values was observed to decrease by 8.95%, whereas among girls with overweight – to increase by 4.85%. Conclusions: The results may suggest that a greater percentage of the young generation will be characterized by improper mass-to-height proportions.
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