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The effect of explant type on somatic embryogenesis induction in Pisum sativum (cv. Oskar and an unregistered line HM-6) was studied. Shoot apices, leaf primordia, and epicotyl fragments of axenically grown, etiolated seedlings, as well as embryonic axes and cotyledon fragments isolated from zygotic embryos at different stages of development, were used as explants. Somatic embryogenesis was induced essentially as described by Griga in 1998 – MS salts and sucrose, B5 Gamborg vitamins, picloram (2.5 μM). After induction period (14 days) all cultures were transferred to the differentiation medium (basal medium as above, auxin omitted). Both in Oskar and HM-6, only shoot apices developed somatic embryos and (with significantly lower frequency) adventitious shoots.
A linkage map of pea was constructed based on a 104 RIL population derived from the cross combination Wt10245 x Wt11238. The map, which consisted of 204 morphological, isozyme, AFLP, ISSR, STS, CAPS and RAPD markers, was used for interval mapping of the QTLs controlling the stem length and internode number of pea. In the characterization of a given QTL, we included an identification of its position with reference to the flanking markers, an estimation of the part of variance explained by it, and a determination of gene action. Six QTLs per trait were identified as demonstrating linkage to ten intervals on five linkage groups. As many as seven QTLs influencing the analysed traits were mapped on linkage group II, indicating the important role of this region of the pea genome in plant height control.
Changes in the activity of acid phosphatase (AcPase) in the apoplast of pea root nodule were investigated. The activity was determined using lead and cerium methods. The results indicated a following sequence of AcPase activity appearance during the development of the infection thread: 1) low AcPase activity appears in the outer part of cells of symbiotic bacteria; 2) bacteria show increased AcPase activity, and the enzyme activity appears in the thread walls; 3) activity exhibits also matrix of the infection thread; 4) bacteria just before their release from the infection threads show high AcPase activity; 5) AcPase activity ceases after bacteria transformation into bacteroids. The increase in bacterial AcPase activity may reflect a higher demand for inorganic phosphorus necessary for propagation of the bacteria within the infection threads and/or involved in bacteria release from the infection threads.
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