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1
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Zagrożenie szkółek leśnych przez gatunki Phytophthora

100%
Orlikowski L., Oszako T., Ptaszek M.
Sylwan
|
2011
|
tom 155
|
nr 05
2
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Relationship between source of water, occurrence, and pathogenicity of Phytophthora plurivora

100%
Orlikowski L. B., Trzewik A., Ptaszek M., Orlikowska T.
Acta Mycologica
|
2012
|
tom 47
|
nr 1
Phytophthora plurivora was the most often detected species from water using rhododendron baits. The species was isolated from water of two rivers, Jasieniec and Korabiewka, a water pond and a drainage canal from March to November, 2008 (in Korabiewka river also in December). The highest population density of P. plurivora was observed in March and April in water pond and canal, and in May in both analysed rivers. In laboratory trials all tested isolates colonized rhododendron and poplar leaves. Isolates from drainage canal were the most pathogenic for rhododendron. Isolates detected in March from water pond and two rivers caused the quickest spread of necrosis on leaf blades. On poplar leaves the fastest development of necrotic spots was observed when isolates obtained in June and November were used for inoculation, while the isolate from September sample was less pathogenic.
3
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Zróżnicowanie izolatów Phytophthora plurivora z czterech rzek przepływających przez tereny leśne

80%
Orlikowski L. B., Trzewik A., Ptaszek M.
Sylwan
|
2012
|
tom 156
|
nr 11
4

Zagrożenie środowiska i upraw ogrodniczych nowymi gatunkami Phytophthora wyizolowanymi z wody

80%
Orlikowski L. B., Meszka B., Ptaszek M., Trzewik A., Orlikowska T.
Woda - Środowisko - Obszary Wiejskie
|
2012
|
tom 12
|
nr 3[39]
5

Nowa choroba na żywotnikach w uprawie gryntowej

80%
Orlikowski L.
Szkółkarstwo
|
2011
|
nr 5
6

Nowa choroba różaneczników

80%
Orlikowski L., Ptaszek M.
Szkółkarstwo
|
2011
|
nr 3
7
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Wpływ Bacillus subtilis i Trichoderma asperellum na rozwój sadzonek brzóz zainfekowanych patogenem drobnych korzeni Phytophthora plurivora

80%
Oszako T., Zolciak A., Tulik M., Tkaczyk M., Stocki M., Nowakowska J. A.
Sylwan
|
2019
|
tom 163
|
nr 12
Phytophthora pathogens cannot be controlled with well−known fungicides, because as oomycetes they do not synthesize chitin and ergosterol. Phytopathogenic microorganisms of Phytophthora genus offers an alternative to pesticides. The aim of the study was to understand the interactions among the host silver birch (Betula pendula), a common forest tree species in Polish lowlands and in lower mountain locations, and its primary pathogen Phytophthora plurivora as well as potential Biological Control Agents Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma asperellum. The 2−year−old silver birch seedlings were selected for this experiment. Interactions between P. plurivora and B. subtilis, producing peptide antibiotics including polymyxin B and subtiline, stimulated growth of birch seedlings. Comparing to the control a stimulation of both height and root collar diameter of plants was observed when B. subtilis was added into the soil of pots. It is a saprophyte, decomposing organic compounds of plant origin. However, the application of bacterium into the rhizosphere soil stimulated more shoots growth than roots. The application of T. asperellum into the soil stimulated development of roots, and in consequences the above−ground parts of plants. However, in the combination with pathogen, T. asperellum protected the roots only partially. The presence of pathogen and its antagonists increases the biomass of birches compared to control plants. Chlorophyll fluorescence studies proved better parameters like total performance index (PI total) after application of B. subtilis, in contrast, interaction between B. subtilis and P. plurivora negatively affected photosynthesis causing weakening of plants. The higher content of carboxylic acids, observed in the variant with T. asperellum + P. plurivora, indicates the initiation of biochemical defence processes in birch leaves cells.
8
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Występowanie i ocena chorobotwórczości izolatów Phytophthora spp. uzyskanych z rzek i zbiornika wodnego

71%
Orlikowski L. B., Ptaszek M., Trzewik A., Wierzchowski M.
Sylwan
|
2012
|
tom 156
|
nr 07
9
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Patogenne lęgniowce z rodzaju Phytophthora - nowe zagrożenie lasów w Europie

71%
Ajchler M., Lobocka M., Oszako T.
Sylwan
|
2017
|
tom 161
|
nr 10
Pathogenic oomycetes represented mainly by the species of Phytophthora genus are among the most dangerous plant pathogens. They pose a serious threat for agricultural as well as wild plants, and are involved in forest decline worldwide. Over 140 pathogenic Phytophthora species have been identified so far. The common infection symptoms include rotting of below− and aboveground parts of plants, causing weakness and slow decline of infected trees. The economic losses caused by certain Phytophthora species may rich even 100%. Globalization and border opening have facilitated the transport of plant material between countries and continents, thus increased the risk of transfer of various Phytophthora genus representatives to new geographical locations. Global warming (e.g. mild winters) have facilitated the expansion of species from southern to northern Europe. Among Polish Phytophthora isolates are species that have previously been known only in nurseries (e.g. P. cactorum), but nowadays they are also isolated from forests (e.g. oak stand in the Krotoszyn Plateau). It suggests the pathway from nurseries to stands with plant for plantings and attached soil. There are also new species, that have not been isolated so far in the world (P. polonica) or found far away from Poland (P. fragaliaefolia in Japan on strawberry). The possible natural pathways are birds and water courses. In Mazowsze and Wielkopolska regions (C and W Poland) the polyphagous P. cinnamomi was found on pedunculate oaks (Quercus robur). This species causes significant damage to red oak forest in France, but also threats Jarrah forests in the Australian ecosystem (it attacks ca. 1000 species of plants). Fortunately, in addition to time consuming and laborious classic methods of Phytophthora identification, based on morphology and physiological properties, molecular methods that are based on immunological tests and chromosomal or mitochondrial DNA markers identification have come into common use. Despite morphological similarity to true fungi, oomycetes are more closely related to diatoms and brown algae, and have several structural features that differentiate them from fungi, including the cell wall composed of cellulose instead of chitin. That is one of the reasons that fungicides have a limited use in the fight with Phytophthora infections. Additionally, type of ecological niches that are settled by pathogenic oomycetes (root remnants in soil, watercourses) hinders the chemical combating. Biocontrol, i.e. the use of interspecies interactions between microorganisms (bacteria, fungi) to limit the growth and development of pathogens, seems to be a reasonable alternative.
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