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Lice of mammals spend the entire life cycle in the host hair, thus, the microclimate found near the mammal skin is likely to influence the structure of louse communities. Here we use a comparative approach to examine the effect of mammals’ diving behavior on the taxonomic richness of their lice. We compared the mean genera richness of lice, and — as potential confounding variables — the mean species richness of host, and the mean body mass of host between diving clades and their non-diving sister clades. Louse genera richness was significantly lower in clades of aquatic mammals than on their non-diving sister clades. Host species richness was not significantly different between these clades. Body mass was significantly higher in clades of aquatic mammals, however, the direction of this difference cannot explain the difference in parasite taxonomic richness. This study suggests that mammals’ diving behavior can effectively shape their ectoparasite communities.
In October 2006 an individual of the Common Eider (Somateria mollissima) was examined and one female of Trinoton querquedulae was found on one of the remiges. This species of lice was recorded for the first time in Poland on the studied host. Up till now, T. querquedulae has been noted only on this duck species in Belgium. Considering the extremely scarce information available, this species of lice is most probably rare in the Common Eider.
A total of 170 wild birds from Senegal, belonging to 48 species and 9 orders, were searched for lice in 2005 and 2007. Chewing lice were found on 58 birds of 18 species and 5 orders (Columbiformes, Cuculiformes, Coraciiformes, Galliformes and Passeriformes). Twenty-two species of chewing lice of 13 genera were determined. Other nine samples of chewing lice that represent a new host-parasite association were determined at generic level only, because only one sex or nymph of these lice were found. Our records represent the first louse records from passerines Camaroptera brachyura (Cisticolidae), Chalcomitra senegalensis (Nectariniidae), Corvinella corvina (Laniidae), Laniarius barbarus (Malaconotidae), Prinia erythroptera (Cisticolidae) and Turdus pelios (Turdidae). Descriptions and illustrations are given for Brueelia chalcomitrae Najer et Sychra sp. nov. ex Chalcomitra senegalensis (Nectariniidae), Brueelia priniae Najer et Sychra sp. nov. ex Prinia subflava (Cisticolidae), and Philopteroides terpsiphoni Najer et Sychra sp. nov. ex Terpsiphone viridis (Monarchidae).
Trichodectes melis is a specific ectoparasite of the European badger Meles meles. Distribution of this chewing louse is little known, although presumably it coincides with the range of its typical host. In Poland, it has been found in only a few stands in the western part of the country. It has recently been observed in the area of the Białowieża Primeval Forest, where 81 specimens of T. melis (48 females, 7 males and 26 nymph forms) were collected from two female European badgers, mainly from the fur of the head area. No symptoms of infestation were observed.
Two new synonyms of Menacanthus euryster- nus have been suggested: M. brelihi described originally from Panurus biarmicus (L.) and M. remizae from Remiz pendulinus pendulinus (L.).
Seven species of chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) were found on six species of passerine birds (Passeriformes) in northern Vietnam. A description and illustrations of Brueelia alophoixi sp. nov. ex Alophoixus pallidus (Pycnonotidae) are given. New host records are: Abroscopus superciliaris (Sylviidae) for Myrsidea sp.; and Orthotomus sutorius (Sylviidae) and Lonchura striata (Estrildidae) for Brueelia spp.
Three hundred and thirty-one Reed Warblers Acrocephalus scirpaceus (Hermann) were examined for chewing lice (Phthiraptera). Twenty-eight (8.5%) were parasitized with Menacanthus curuccae (Schrank, 1776). Mean intensity of infestation was 4.3 lice. Hence, the name Menacanthus eisenachensis Balát, 1981, currently applied to Menacanthus lice parasitizing Reed Warblers, is placed as a junior synonym of M. curuccae, with Reed Warbler as a new host for the latter species.
The frequency distributions of seven lice species: Amyrsidea perdicis megalosoma (Overgaard, 1943), Uchida phasiani Modrzejewska et Złotorzycka, 1977 (suborder Amblycera), Goniocotes chrysocephalus Giebel, 1874, Zlotorzyckella colchici (Denny, 1842), Lipeurus maculosus maculosus Clay, 1938, Reticulipeurus mesopelios colchicus (Clay, 1938) and Lagopoecus colchicus Emerson, 1949 (suborder Ischnocera) parasitizing the pheasant (Phasianus colchicus L.) were characterized with various statistical parameters (mean, range, prevalence and standard deviation) together with three indices of parasite aggregation: parameter α of the negative binomial distribution, coefficient of dispersion (c.d.) as a dispersion to mean ratio (or s/x) and index of discrepancy (D of Poulin’s index). A complex set of measures of aggregations confirmed the aggregated distributions of all parasite species; in all the series analysed the bird lice distributions fit the negative binomial model. Two parameters α and D of Poulin were correlated, i.e. high values of α were associated with low values of D.
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