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One hundred and twenty three cases of fowl cholera were diagnosed in south-west Poland over a 3-year period on geese and turkeys farms. A phenotypic analysis of 43 isolates of Pasteurella sp. was performed and all the tested isolates decomposed glucose, fructose, mannose and saccharose. Sorbitol, maltose and trehalose were fermented by 95.2%, 7.1% and 7.1% of the strains respectively. 83,7% of the isolates tested were identified as P. multocida subsp. multocida, 2.3% as Avibacterium gallinarum and 14% could not be assigned to any of the currently recognized subspecies or species of Pasteurella. The study revealed that capsular antigens belonging to group A and D occurred in 74.4% and 14.3% of the isolates, respectively. However, 16,7% of the isolates did not reveal the presence of capsular antigens. Most of the isolates (76.2%) belonged to somatic serotype 1. The study indicated that the strains were most sensitive to amoxicillin (100%), amoxicillin with clavulanic acid (100%), colistin (93%) and gentamicin (88%).
Nasal swabs from 278 sheep, 118 cattle and 13 goats from several herds in Poland were investigated for the presence of toxigenic strains of Pasteurella by a commercial ELISA test. Nasal swabs from 12 dogs and 3 horses were also included in the study. The animals of different sex, age and breed, all clinically healthy, were kept on unsuspected farms except for 27 sheep with the symptoms of fever and mucopurulent nasal discharge. Toxigenic strains of Pasteurella were found in the nasal cavities of 8 healthy sheep and cattle.
A total of 372 Ixodes ricinus ticks (101 females, 122 males, and 149 nymphs) collected by flagging in 6 mixed woodlands of eastern Poland were examined by culture for the presence of internal Gram-negative bacteria other than Borrelia burgdorferi. Adult ticks were examined in pools of 2 specimens each and nymphs were examined in pools of 3-5 specimens each. Ticks were disinfected in 70% ethanol and homogenized in 0.85% NaCl. The diluted homogenate was inoculated onto 3 kinds of agar media: buffered charcoal yeast extract (BCYE-?) for isolation of fastidious Gram-negative bacteria, eosin methylene blue agar (EMB) for isolation of enterobacteria, and tryptic soya agar for isolation of all other non-fastidious Gram-negative bacteria. The Gram-negative isolates were identified with the API Systems 20E and NE microtests. A total of 9 species of Gram-negative bacteria were identified, of which the commonest were strains determined as Pasteurella pneumotropica/haemolytica, which were isolated on BCYE-? agar from ticks collected in all 6 examined woodlands. The total number of these strains (49) exceeded the total number of all other strains of Gram-negative bacteria recovered from ticks (30). Of the total number of examined ticks, the minimum infection rate with Pasteurella pneumotropica/haemolytica was highest in females (18.8%), and slightly lower in males (12.3%) and nymphs (10%). Besides Pasteurella pneumotropica/haemolytica, the following species of Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from examined ticks: Pantoea agglomerans, Serratia marcescens, Serratia plymuthica on EMB agar and Aeromonas hydrophila, Burkholderia cepacia, Chromobacterium violaceum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia on tryptic soya agar. Minimal infection rates with these bacteria were low, ranging from 0.7-5.9%. Of the isolated bacteria, Chromobacterium violaceum, Pasteurella pneumotropica/haemolytica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Serratia marcescens are potentially pathogenic for man and/or animals. In particular, the common occurrence of Pasteurella pneumotropica/haemolytica in Ixodes ricinus ticks poses a potential risk of pasteurellosis for humans and animals exposed to tick bites.
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