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The fine surface topography of Oesophagostomum columbianum and O. aspersum, the predominant nematode species of goats in India, has been studied by means of SEM. In O. columbianum the anterior end is bent like a hook; the cephalic vesicle is marked behind by a groove; the lateral alae are present throughout the anterior extremity thereby providing a dorsal curvature to the body; the external corona radiata is seen to consist of 20 elements; and the spicules are long and seen as twisted upon each other. In O. aspersion the external corona radiata comprises 12 elements; the vulva and the anus lie behind a constriction at the posterior extremity and quite close to one another. Characters, such as the amphids, cephalic papillae, prebursal papillae, etc., are elucidated for both species.
Two traditionally maintained, small herds from southern Poland, with 8 and 12 sows, respectively, were surveyed coprologically during 2006-2007. In one of the herds, while deworming a group of sows with levamisole, faecal samples were collected on Day -7, Day 0 (the day of treatment) and Day 10, in order to assess the therapeutic effect of the drug. Coprological investigation was performed also in 26 fatteners originating from other small farms and slaughtered in a local abattoir, with their intestines washed through for the presence of roundworms. In both herds examined, Ascaris suum and Oesophagostomum spp. were prevalent, whilst Trichuris suis appeared only very rarely. Mainly fatteners, replacement gilts and young sows were highly infected with A. suum. The roundworm occurrence in 2-3 week-old piglets, with the intensity of 300 eggs per gram of faeces (EPG), indicated the possibility of parasite transmission to offspring very early in age. The highest level of Oesophagostomum spp. infection was observed in sows, but weaners were also much affected. For the group of dewormed sows, the mean faecal egg count reduction (FECR) was estimated to be 77.1 - 80.4%, suggesting the presence of resistant nodular worms. A very high false-positive A. suum egg counts found in slaughtered animals (240 to 320 EPG) testified to a high contamination level of the environment of small piggeries, as well. Since the reciprocal transmission of parasites between pigs and poultry might occur, it implies that the flocks should be raised separately.
Comparative faecal analysis-based research on the occurrence of helminths in pigs was conducted in two farms, which differ in their breeding system; in one, the pigs were kept indoors, while the pigs reared on the other had access to outdoor facilities. An examination of 118 faecal samples revealed the presence of the following four helminth species: Ascaris suum, Trichuris suis, Strongyloides ransomi, and Oesophagostomum sp. The helminth prevalence was very low (14.41%) and the mean number of eggs per sample being low as well (8.91%). The values of the basic parasitological indicators, and the richness of the species in the free- ranging herd proved significantly (P<0.007) higher than in the stock lacking access to outdoor facilities. The differences between the two pig farming systems compared were also found to be related to the age and phenology of the pigs studied.
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