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Eyespot caused by Oculimacula acuformis and O. yallundae is a common, economically important disease of cereals in Poland. For the pathogens control fungicides like triazoles, imidazoles, strobilurins, morpholines, anilino-pyrimidines, pyridine carboxamide, and benzimidazoles are used. However, intense use of the same active compounds leads to the appearance of resistant fungal strains. The aim of the study was to evaluate under laboratory conditions the resistance level of O. acuformis and O. yallundae isolates to fungicides used in the cereal protection against eyespot. Boscalid, prochloraz, pyraclostrobin, epoxiconazole and flusilazole were the compounds highly limiting growth of the isolates on PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) medium. The group that included tebuconazole, cyprodinil, kresoxim-methyl and fenpropimorph inhibited the growth of fungal isolates quite well. The laboratory test results indicate the possibility of effectively control of eyespot with the tested fungicides with the exception of benzimidazoles (carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl), as most of the tested isolates of Oculimacula spp. isolates were resistant to the products containing these active ingredients.
Eyespot is one of the most important fungal diseases of the stem base of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The presented study clearly demonstrated that the Pch1 gene was the main effective source for reducing the eyespot disease score in the analyzed winter wheat lines. Nevertheless, Pch1 was present only in 8−9% of the investigated lines. Using an isoenzymatic marker and molecular markers, the presence of the Pch1 gene and lack of the Pch2 gene was identified in six lines. Two lines, SMH 9409 and DL 358/13/4, were polymorphic in an isoenzymatic marker study. In the remaining three lines, C 3373/11-1, KBH 15.15 and KBP 1416, the Pch1 gene was identified only with the use of an isoenzymatic marker. Both genes Pch1 and Pch2, as well as the resistant variety Rendezvous, were found in three lines: DD 248/12, KBP 15.2 and STH 4431. In line DD 708/13, the presence of the Pch1 and Pch2 genes was identified, where the association between the Pch1 and the locus of the Xorw5 marker was broken. It was shown that the presence or absence of Pch1 and Pch2 genes did not significantly affect the grain yield (from the plot), although the yield was highest in the presence of both genes. A significant effect of the presence of the Pch1 gene on thousand kernel weight (TKW) was observed. Lines with the Pch1 gene showed significantly higher TKW values than lines without both genes or with the Pch2 gene only.
Eyespot is one of the most important diseases of economical significance in wheat production in the regions of Śląskie and Opolskie voivodeships where it presents a permanent problem. The aim of performed experiment was to collect data on the occurrence and characteristics of Oculimacula yallundae and O. acuformis strains in these regions in the years 2003-2008, and to perform their taxonomic characterization. The studies originated as an attempt to find the explanation of processes related to winter wheat infection by casual agents of this disease in the Śląskie and Opolskie Provinces.
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