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The aim of the study was to discover if Nosema ceranae, a new parasite of Apis mellifera, is present in Poland. The first 15 samples of bees collected after the winter from the bottom of hives sent to laboratory for analysis in 2007 were investigated. The investigation under light microscopy revealed the presence of Nosema spores in ten samples. On the basis of the spores appearance conjunctures were made that N. ceranae was present in eight samples. Samples with Nosema spores were sent to Centro Regional Apicola in Marchamalo (Guadalajara, Spain) where the team of Profesor Meana and Dr. Higes, using PCR analysis, found N. ceranae in all the samples. The studies showed that N. ceranae is present in Polish apiaries and is becoming quite a common infection, and that the appearance of spores under a light microscope can play an important role in the diagnosis of the infection.
Nosema ceranae and Nosema apis are etiological agents of nosemosis, a disease of adult honey bees. They are intracellular microsporidian parasites infecting the midgut epithelial cells of honeybees. N. ceranae was previously believed to be restricted to the Asian honey bee, Apis cerana, but now this parasite is also found in the European honey bee (Apis mellifera) across most of the world. Some surveys suggest that N. ceranae is a serious threat to the global beekeeping industry because N. ceranae induces a significantly higher mortality in honey bees than N. apis does. Other experiments indicate only minor differences in the infectious dose and multiplication rate between the two species. Moreover, the mortality caused by N. ceranae in these experiments was not significantly higher than that induced by N. apis. This review presents the epidemiology of nosemosis, diagnostic tests for the identification of Nosema spp. and the possibilities of treating this disease.
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Nosema ceranae w rodzinach pszczoły miodnej

72%
In order to perform a phylogenetic analysis of Nosema spp. spores, samples of 10 worker bees each were collected from 30 infected colonies (the presence of spores was confirmed by light microscopy) kept in 15 apiaries in north-eastern Poland. Both N. apis and N. ceranae are common in this region (mixed infection N. apis/ N. ceranae – 60%, N. ceranae – 37%, N. apis – 3%). The DNA samples of N. apis were 100% identical with the N. apis sequences deposited in the GenBank database in Queensland, Australia, Spain, New Zealand, Lithuania and Tasmania in Australia. The DNA samples of N. ceranae were found to be 99.5%-100% identical with the N. ceranae sequences previously published in Italy, Germany, Switzerland and Austria.
Nosemosis, is caused by two microsporidian species: Nosema apis and N. ceranae. In the last decade there has been rapid development and spread of bee diseases, creating serious problems for bee keeping management. The above situation requires a substantial increase in the intensity of research, which would result in a successful means of combating the disease with no risk to the host organism. In recent years, a number of studies were conducted providing new knowledge about the disease, dealing with important issues related to the development, epidemiology and treatment of bees. However, despite this it remains unclear as to the real nature of the organisms that cause nosemosis, nor what is their structure and biology. The issues raised above have obligated the authors to a brief summary of current knowledge both about the disease, as well as its perpetrators. It has been proposed to amend certain terms that should be used when describing the structures and phenomena associated with pathogenic species and the course of the process of pathogenesis. The article draws attention to some important issues that summarize and organize existing knowledge, also indicates problems which should be the subject of future research.
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