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A diverse vertebrate fauna, dominated by elasmobranch taxa, was collected from the upper Oligocene (Chattian) Chandler Bridge Formation in Summerville, Dorchester County, South Carolina. Nearly 3,500 teeth and dermal denticles are assigned to 29 species of sharks and rays, and our sample includes the oldest known occurrence of the whale shark, Rhincodon, as well as a new skate, Raja mccollumi sp. nov. The Chandler Bridge elasmobranch assemblage is comparable in species diversity to Chattian assemblages of Virginia and North Carolina, USA, and Germany. Notable absences from Germany include Rhincodon, Hemipristis, and Sphyrna zygaena, likely reflecting the influence of colder water on the North Sea Basin during the Chattian. Squaloids, pristiophoroids, and hexanchoids are known from Chattian deposits of the Albemarle Embayment (North Carolina), Salisbury Embayment (Virginia), and North Sea Basin, but these taxa are absent from the Chandler Bridge assemblage, perhaps because of shallow, warm water (20 to 25°C) conditions within the more southerly Charleston Embayment.
New neoselachian remains from the Middle Jurassic of SW Germany and NW Poland are described. The locality of Weilen unter den Rinnen in SW Germany yielded only few orectolobiform teeth from the Aalenian representing at least one new genus and species, Folipistrix digitulus, which is assigned to the orectolobiforms and two additional orectolobiform teeth of uncertain affinities. The tooth morphology of Folipistrix gen. nov. indicates a cutting dentition and suggests specialised feeding habits. Neoselachians from Bathonian and Callovian drill core samples from NW Poland produced numerous selachian remains. Most teeth are damaged and only the crown is preserved. Few identifiable teeth come from uppermost lower to lower middle Callovian samples. They include a new species, Synechodus prorogatus, and rare teeth attributed to Palaeobrachaelurussp., Pseudospinax? sp., Protospinax cf. annectans Woodward, 1919, two additional but unidentifiable Protospinax spp. and Squalogaleussp. Scyliorhinids are represented only by few isolated tooth crowns. No batoid remains have been recovered. The two assemblages contribute to the knowledge about early neoselachian distribution and diversity.
Hettangian to Pliensbachian neoselachian tooth assemblages from marine deposits in northwest Europe are dominated by palaeospinacids. In the Toarcian, elasmobranch faunas tend to be more diverse and several other neoselachian groups have their first occurrence. A small, but surprisingly diverse, neoselachian tooth assemblage, comprising seven taxa, has been extracted from Pliensbachian sediments within the Rya Formation in southern Sweden. The fauna includes five synechodontiform species; Synechodus occultidens, S. enniskilleni, 'Synechodus' sp., Paraorthacodus sp., and Sphenodus sp. The remaining two species include Hexanchidae indet. and Agaleus dorsetensis. The exclusively Early Jurassic A. dorsetensis is separated from all other neoselachians on the basis of tooth morphology and is here included in the new, monotypic family Agaleidae nov. The assemblage from the Rya Formation is the first selachian fauna to be recorded from the Jurassic of Sweden and it has a composition quite different from contemporary faunas found in other areas of Europe. The neoselachian part of the fauna is more diverse while hybodont sharks are represented solely by a single species.
New or so far poorly known neoselachians from the Cenomanian and Turonian of SW France are described. The material studied herein comes from nine localities in the Charentes region, comprising palaeoenvironments ranging from coastal to open marine environments, and consists of two orectolobiforms, six lamniforms, and four rajiforms. The new taxa are Squalicorax coquandi sp. nov. and Roulletia bureaui gen. et sp. nov. within lamniforms, and Hamrabatis bernardezi sp. nov., Archingeayia sistaci gen. et sp. nov., and Engolismaia couillardi gen. et sp. nov. within rajiforms. New specimens of Odontaspis rochebrunei Sauvage, 1880 from the type area allow redescription of this taxon, assigned herein to the genus Cenocarcharias. Occurrences of Squalicorax baharijensis, S. cf. intermedius, and Archaeolamna sp., previously unrecorded from this region, and Almascyllium, a genus generally described from younger strata, are also noted, and improve knowledge of mid−Cretaceous selachian faunas from Western Europe.
A selachian fauna from the early Pliensbachian (Uptonia jamesoni to Prodactylioceras davoei zones) is recorded from the Hasle Formation on the island of Bornholm. Three hybodont sharks, Hybodus reticulatus, H. delabechei and Lissodus hasleensis sp. n., and three neoselachians, Synechodus occultidens, Paraorthacodus sp. and Agaleus dorsetensis, are recognized in the fauna. The enameloid ultrastructure of teeth of A. dorsetensis was examined and found to be comprised of at least two layers, confirming a neoselachian affinty, based on the overall tooth morphology. The palaeogeographical and stratigraphical records of the previously described species are extended. Pliensbachian selachian faunas are not well investigated and the described species in the Hasle fauna are all known from Sinemurian deposits elsewhere.
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