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The influence of aphid feeding on chlorophyll a fluorescence in the leaves of four cultivated hazel cultivars, with different levels of resistance to filbert aphid (Myzocallis coryli Goetze), was studied. The maximum effect of photosystem reaction measured on dark-adapted hazel leaves (Fv/Fm parameter) and maximum efficiency of photon energy PAR conversion to chemical energy in light conditions (Y parameter) were estimated twice, in the leaves of four hazel cultivars with different levels of resistance to filbert aphid, using a fluorometer PAM- 2000 by Walz GmbH – Germany. The analysis of changes of these parameters showed that aphid feeding caused a reaction in all tested cultivars. The most visible reduction of the Fv/Fm and Y values as a result of aphid feeding was observed in the cultivars ‘Cud z Bollwiller’ and ‘Olbrzymi z Halle’, numerously colonized by aphids. A smaller number of aphids found on the leaves of more resistant cultivars – ‘Kataloński’ and ‘Lamberta Biały’, caused a weaker response of plants and a smaller decline in the value of this parameter. ‘Cud z Bollwiller’ cultivar showed higher tolerance than other tested cultivars to stress caused by the feeding of sucking insects. The Fv/Fm and Y parameters can be regarded as reliable indexes useful in diagnosing susceptibility of hazel cultivars to aphids, helpful in determining, for example, harmfulness thresholds.
During the yearsof observationspedatory arthropodsof Arachnida, Chrysopidae, Heteroptera, Coccinellidae, and Syrphidae were collected from Myzocallis coryli Goetze colonies. Arachnida constituted the most numerous group followed by predatory bugs of Heteroptera
Based on the years of my own research and observations as well as survey data obtained from hazelnut growers from Lublin region, the current situation of hazelnut cultivation in Poland and in other countries was discussed in this paper. The issue of updating the selection of hazelnut varieties cultivated in Poland as well as the threat of hazelnut plantation by pests in face of the restriction or withdrawal of certain plant protection chemicals was discussed. The attention was paid to the necessity of bringing as up to date activities of members of Hazelnut Growers Associations, as well as state and scientific institutions to activate efforts to concentrate a supply and adapting hazelnut production and seedlings to market conditions, and taking measures to promote the process of their application to facilitate the use of plant protection products in hazelnut cultivation.
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