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The diet of Daubenton's bat Myotis daubentonii (Kuhl, 1817), which takes prey by aerial hawking and from the surface of water, was investigated by analysis of faeces collected in summer at 7 roosts, all close to rivers in pastoral land, in three widely­-separated districts in Ireland. Forty-seven categories of arthropod prey were identified; several were insect taxa found in and around water. Most categories were recovered at most roosts, but mainly in small amounts. The main categories were the same through­out, accounting for 82% of the diet by percentage frequency in droppings for pooled data: Chironomidae/Ceratopogonidae 24% (adults 14%, preadult stages 10%), other nematoceran Diptera 21%, other Diptera 10%, and Trichoptera 26% (adults 20%, preadult 6%). A quarter of the prey had evidently been obtained from the water's surface (eg aquatic insects, their larvae and pupae). Although consumption of several food items varied significantly by month at one or more roosts, little of such variation was consistent between roosts.
The study was carried out in central and north-eastern Poland in order to assess bat occurrence in small winter roosts located in house-cellars, in relation to the share of the surrounding landscape taken by forest cover and the distance separating the different sites from forests of at least 1 km². Data from single checks in 2243 cellars in 1990–2007 revealed a positive relationship (R² = 0.33, P <0.001) between the percentage of cellars occupied by bats and the forest cover (range: 2–58%) in sections of surrounding landscape covering between 30 and 220 km². Forest cover in the landscape within 1 km of the cellar appeared to have a slight influence on the number of species and species diversity (Simpson’s index; respectively R² = 0.14, P = 0.006 and R² = 0.13, P = 0.011). Both number of species and species diversity were progressively lower with increasing distance from the nearest forest covering an area of 1 km² or more (for both R² = 0.15, P = 0.005). Myotis nattereri (Kuhl, 1817) and Barbastella barbastellus (Schreber, 1774) were significantly more likely to colonise the cellars surrounded by landscape with a higher level of forest cover (P = 0.001 and 0.031), while M. nattereri was also more likely to be found in those at shorter distances from forests (P = 0.005). No such relationships were reported for either Plecotus auritus (Linnaeus, 1758) or Myotis daubentonii (Kuhl, 1817).
The first European case of bat rabies was reported in 1954. Since then, more than 800 cases have been confirmed from 13 countries. The causative agents are European Bat Lyssavirus Type-1 (EBLV-1) and Type-2 (EBLV-2). The natural host of EBLV-1 seems to be the serotine bat (Eptesicus serotinus) with more than 95% of all cases reported in this species. Although much fewer EBLV-2 cases have been identified, it seems that Myotis dasycneme and M. daubentonii are likely to be the principal hosts' species for this virus. The ecological mechanisms underlying the transmission of EBLV-1 and EBLV-2 are still poorly understood. In order to assess the public health risks associated with EBLVs and the implications for bat conservation, some issues need urgent clarification. In this review some of the most pressing topics will be addressed. Only collaboration between a range of disciplines that include virologists, epidemiologists and bat conservationists will be able to elucidate some of these unanswered questions.
Numbers of wintering Natterer’s bats Myotis nattereri (Kuhl, 1817) and Daubenton’s bats M. daubentonii (Kuhl, 1817) were monitored at seven study sites (three single large hibernacula and four groups of roosts) in central Poland. The longest monitoring period was 1987–2009, the shortest – 1999–2009. The aim of the study was to find out if the numbers of the two species are stable, or if any trends could be detected. For most of the study period, bats were counted twice during each hibernation season: in autumn (November/December) and in winter (January/February). The numbers of Natterer’s bats show a strong increase all over the study area – a trend similar to that reported earlier from other parts of the country. Daubenton’s bats, on the other hand, declined in the hibernacula located in the north-eastern part of the study area, while in those located in the south-western part their numbers were stable or even slightly increased. A decrease in the numbers of Daubenton’s bats is in contrast with reports from other hibernacula in Poland and elsewhere in Europe, where the species increases in numbers. The changes in the numbers of both studied species could be explained by neither changes in the hibernacula nor weather conditions during the study period, so our results probably reflect changes in the numbers of local populations.
Bats were netted at two sites over the forest rivers Narewka and Hwoźna in Białowieża Primeval Forest (E Poland), during the summer of 1994 and 1995. A total of 452 bats of 11 species were captured. The number of bats netted each night was positively correlated with the minimum air temperature. The rate at which the three commonest species - Nyctalus noctula, Myotis daubentonii and Nyctalus leisleri - were caught varied significantly through the night, with a major peak after sunset. For N. noctula air temperature was apparently positively related to the size of the morning peak.
We determined the foraging habitats of the northern batEptesicus nilssonii (Keyserling et Blasius, 1839), Brandt’s batMyotis brandtii (Eversmann, 1845), whiskered batMyotis mystacinus (Kuhl, 1819), Daubenton’s batMyotis daubentonii (Kuhl, 1819) and brown long-eared batPlecotus auritus (Linnaeus, 1758) in southern Finland. Among these species, we compared the diversities of foraging habitats, linear feature preference and the bats’ tendencies to forage simultaneously.Eptesicus nilssonii was the most opportunistic, foraging in a wide range of habitats.Myotis daubentonii (94%) foraged mainly on water habitats, whileM. brandtii/mystacinus (89%) andP. auritus (66%) foraged mainly in forest habitats. The diversities of foraging habitats used byE. nilssonii andP. auritus were higher than those ofM. brandtii/mystacinus andM. daubentonii. Both E.nilssonii andP. auritus foraged mostly alone or in small numbers, whileM. brandtii/mystacinus tended to gather in large numbers to forage in the same habitat. Half ofE. nilssonii and 46% ofM. daubentonii foraged over linear features, while other species did not use linear features to such an extent. Management and conservation of foraging habitats are needed especially forM. brandtii/mystacinus andM. daubentonii, which are more specialized thanE. nilssonii and P. auritus.
W artykule opisano rojenie się nietoperzy przy otworze jaskini Dymiąca Piwnica (1337 m n.p.m.). W latach 2008–2010 odłowiono 290 nietoperzy należących do ośmiu gatunków w tym czterech nowych dla Babiogórskiego Parku Narodowego. Przedyskutowano status nowych gatunków nietoperzy dla tego obszaru oraz przedstawiono strukturę dominacyjną rojących się nietoperzy. Wyniki przedstawiono na tle rezultatów badań nietoperzy z innych regionów polskich Karpat
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