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Reaction of six winter wheat culti vars and lines (Vlasta, Šárka, Charger, 00ST022, SG-U8044C a SG-U2113B) to Mycosphaerella graminicola isolate BR-331 and UH-05 on leaf segments of the detached second seedling leaf of cultivars placed on water agar with bezimidazole in clear plastic box were tested. The isolate BR-331 produced high occurrence of the disease in the cultivar Šárka, middle occurrence (the percentage covered by lesions bearing pycnidia) in the cultivar Vlasta and SG-U8044C and low occurrence in the line 00ST0022. The isolate UH-105 produced high occurrence in the cultivar 00ST022 and middle occurrence in the cultivar Vlasta. The cultivar Charger was resistant. The cultivar Šárka was attacked at least. Results show on different virulence of M. graminicola isolates to wheat cultivars.
The occurrence of leaf blotch of wheat caused by Septoria tritici (teleomorph Mycosphaerella graminicola) was more frequent in 1996 in the Upper Silesia region, south-western Poland, than in previous years. Visual scoring and serological tests proved the most rapid development of the disease from the emergence of flag leaf (GS 49) onwards. At the end of dough ripe stage (GS 85) on necrotic spots appearing on leaves the teleomorph of the fungus was stated, although asci were not fully mature. After a period of storage, on the necrotic tissue with pseudothecia, placed on water agar-streptomycin and subjected to low temperatures for 2-3 weeks, mature asci and germinating ascospores forming single conidia on ramifying mycelium were abundant.
The aim of the work was to study an occurrence and intensity of septoria tritici blotch on wheat in different regions of Poland as well as reaction of winter wheat cultivars and breeding lines to infection by Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fuckel) Schroeter (an. Septoria tritici (Rob. ex Desm.) under field conditions. Observation conducted during 1994-1996 indicated on occurrence of septoria tritici blotch each year and on important infection degree of winter wheat by Mycosphaerella graminicola in some regions of the country. The highest infection was noted in 1995 and the lowest in 1994. Infection degree for majority of cultivars was quite high. Some cultivars and lines were characterized by very high infection. Among them were the old (Kujawianka Więcławska and Wysokolitewka Sztywnosloma) and the newest (Tercja) cultivars. On some old cultivars (Leszczyńska Wczesna and Żelazna) even no traces of infection were observed although favourable weather condition existance and the presence of neighbourhood diseased plants. Field observation of cultivars and breeding lines showed different reaction of tested wheat genotypes to Mycosphaerella graminicola infection.
The response of Polish winter wheat genotypes to M. graminicola (preliminary experiments and cu1tivar collections) was observed in different regions of Poland. : Observations were carried out in 1995-1999. The winter wheat genotypes showed a broad spectrum of reaction to this pathogen. Between 1997 and 1999 the highest degree of infection on winter wheat breeding lines was noted in Kończewice. During this tirne no genotypes free from infection were observed (preliminary breeding experiments). Cultivars with no symptoms of Septoria tritici blotch (Leszczyńska Wczesna and Żelazna) were found among old genotypes in Słupia Wielka only in earlier experiments (1995-1996). In the years 1997-1999 the winter wheat cultivars were classified into groups on the basis of their response to the pathogen. The degree of infection for the .majority cultivars was quite high.
The aim of the work was to study the development of pseudothecia of M. graminicola. The experiment was carried out in 2002/2003. Wheat leaves collected at Kończewice (near Toruń), Słupia Wielka (near Poznań) and Kroměříž (Czech Republic) were kept on an experimental field in Warsaw. The pseudothecia were observed under the light and transmission electron microscopy. The first pseudothecia were observed on the dead leaves at the end of July. The largest number of fruiting bodies were noted in October. During the whole period of observation fruiting bodies contained asci in several stages of development. Most of them were immature. In spring the pseudothecia were not found.
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