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A new subspecies of the honey badger (Mellivora capensis bu.ech.neri ssp. n.) is described from the western part of Central Asia (Turkmenistan). By the relatively small palatal length it is similar to the subspecies M. c. iridica (Kerr, 1792) and M. c. inaurita {Hodgson, 1838) and differs from them by having larger size and narrower postorbital constriction.
The presence of parasitic Nematodes was determined by visual assessment of damage to the 271 weasel skulls (154 males and 117 females). The damages were attributed to Skrjabingylus nasicola (LEUCKART, 1842) or Troglotrema acutum (LEUCKART, 1842) (on the basis of it's appearance and relevant papers). The frequency of infestation by both parasites was 38%. It was higher in females and also increased along with age. A significant dependence between skull length of adult specimens and infestation rate was found.
The lowest part of the Monarch Mill Formation in the Middlegate basin, west-central Nevada, has yielded a middle Miocene (Barstovian Land Mammal Age) vertebrate assemblage, the Eastgate local fauna. Paleobotanical evidence from nearby, nearly contemporaneous fossil leaf assemblages indicates that the Middle Miocene vegetation in the area was mixed coniferous and hardwood forest and chaparral-sclerophyllous shrubland, and suggests that the area had been uplifted to 2700–2800 m paleoaltitude before dropping later to near its present elevation of 1600 m. Thus, the local fauna provides a rare glimpse at a medium- to high-altitude vertebrate community in the intermountain western interior of North America. The local fauna includes the remains of fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and 25 families of mammals. Carnivorans, the focus of this study, include six taxa (three of which are new) belonging to four families. Canidae are represented by the borophagine Tomarctus brevirostris and the canine Leptocyon sp. indet. The earliest record and second North American occurrence of the simocyonine ailurid Actiocyon is represented by A. parverratis sp. nov. Two new mustelids, Brevimalictis chikasha gen. et sp. nov. and Negodiaetictis rugatrulleum gen. et sp. nov., may represent Galictinae but are of uncertain subfamilial and tribal affinity. The fourth family is represented by the felid Pseudaelurus sp. indet. Tomarctus brevirostris is limited biochronologically to the Barstovian land mammal age and thus is consistent with the age indicated by other members of the Eastgate local fauna as well as by indirect tephrochronological dates previously associated with the Monarch Mill Formation. Actiocyon parverratis sp. nov. extends the temporal range of the genus Actiocyon from late Clarendonian back to the Barstovian. The Eastgate local fauna improves our understanding of mammalian successions and evolution, during and subsequent to the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum (~14–17 Ma).
Morphometric variation in 22 characters of 86 skulls of the European mink Mustela lutreola (Linnaeus, 1761), from the NW part of Russia, has been analysed. Stepwise discriminant analysis was used to estimate craniometric variables for sex determinations. Two characters (zygomatic breadth and interorbital width) are enough for the 96.5% correct classification. The male skull of M. lutreola is characterised by a relatively high neurocranium, widely arranged zygomatic arches, a wide rostrum, and by wider auditory bullae and higher mandibles. Sexual size dimorphism of M. lutreola is less than that of other similar-sized mustelids - Mustela putorius, M. eversmanii, M. sibirica, Neovison vison. The results are discussed in relation to the existing theories on sexual dimorphism in mustelids.
The present study analyses the helminth communities found in one hundred and two specimens of Martes martes from the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Archipelago. The component community is constituted by seventeen helminth species, which frequency and mean abundance show a bimodal pattern. The set of core species is constituted by the trichurids Pearsonema plica, Eucoleus aerophilus and Aonchotheca putorii (72.2% of total helminth individuals found), while the remaining can be considered satellite species. Significant co-occurrences were found among E. aerophilus/A. putorii and E. aerophilus/P. plica. These results demonstrate the great importance of earthworms within the diet of pine marten and contribute to the knowledge of the pine marten’s food ethology, since this kind of prey normally goes undetected in diet studies. Several helminth species, as Sobolevingylus petrowi, Centrorhynchus aluconis, Uncinaria criniformis, Mastophorus muris and Spirura rytipleurites seurati seem to show geographical distributions limited to insular ecosystems. Moreover, helminth communities of M. martes among four Spanish territories, including mainland and insular areas, are characterized and compared.
The European mink (M. lutreola) and the American mink (M. vison) are riparian mustelids inhabiting Spain. During the last few decades, M. lutreola populations have declined almost everywhere, but, since being introduced in Europe, the American mink has become wide spread there. The present study presents the first comprehensive helminthological data of both mink species in Western Europe and analyses the possible cross-transmission of some pathogenic helminths between neighbouring Spanish populations of both mustelids. One hundred and forty specimens (28 M. lutreola and 112 M. vison) from several Spanish zones were analysed. A total of thirteen helminth species were found: Metorchis bilis, Parametorchis sp., Pseudamphistomum truncatum, Euryhelmis squamula and Apophallus donicus (Trematoda), Taenia martis and T. tenuicollis (Cestoda), Aonchotheca putorii, Strongyloides mustelorum, Molineus patens, Crenosoma melesi and Aelurostrongylus pridhami (Nematoda), and Centrorhynchus ninnii (Acanthocephala). The helminth fauna of M. lutreola was qualitatively and quantitatively richer than that of M. vison. This fact was particularly evident amongst digeneans with four species (M. bilis, Parametorchis sp., P. truncatum and A. donicus) exclusively present in M. lutreola. Twenty-five M. lutreola individuals were infected with parasitic worms (89.3%). In contrast, less than half (41.1%) of the American minks analysed were infected by helminths. The helminth fauna of both European and American minks in Spain are compared with those of both mustelids in Belarus, where another important population of M. lutreola is present. Also considered are some epidemiological and pathogenic aspects of the helminth fauna of both mink species that might act as regulatory factors over the Spanish population of M. lutreola.
An inspection of human buildings used by Eurasian badgersMeles meles (Linnaeus, 1758) in 28 sites in the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mountains, Czech Republic, was carried out in 2001. The buildings inhabited or visited by badgers were as follows: wooden barns (18 cases), masonry buildings used for residential purposes (4), abandoned buildings (1), wooden sheds (2), wooden beehouses (2) and a non-residential part of a house (1). In three sites, female badgers with their cubs inhabited buildings. Badgers use the buildings more frequently in winter than in summer. Use of human buildings and the occurrence of badgers in setts in the wild in these mountains was observed in detail on a study area of 950 ha around the village of Lubno. In total, 12 setts were discovered. Eight of them were in the wild: two setts were located closer than 50 m, five between 100 m and 300 m, and one 700 m from human buildings. In four sites badgers inhabited human buildings.
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