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The research aimed to identify two sets of charcoal found in a Hellenistic house in Risan (Montenegro) on the Kotor Gulf. The finds date from the 3rd century BC.The study included macroscopic and microscopic observations. Based on macroscopic observation and taking into account the habitat requirements and the range of particular species near Risan and the Kotor Gulf, the first set of charcoal found near a ceramic vessel was attributed to fir wood (Abies sp.), while the charcoal found in the room “with the treasure” was attributed to oak wood (Quercus sp.). The study has added to the body of evidence in favor of the effective botanical identification of charcoal from archeological finds.
Public participation so far is not dedicated adequate attention in areas environmental protection. The objective of this work is to consider environmental awareness in northeastern Montenegro, on the example of municipalities Berane, Petnjica, Andrijevica, Plav and Gusinje. In accordance with the concept of sustainable development it is necessary is directed population on raising awareness on environmental protection. When the public better acquainted with the environmental problems, will be are able to help in solving them.
This paper analyzes energy sources climate northeastern Montenegro, in the example municipalities Berane, Andrijevica and Plav in a geographical context its exploitation and use. Analyzed GeoScape from the standpoint of utilization of wind energy lose their its attractiveness due to high altitude mountain ranges that dominate in given area, it is the windy areas, often the located on slopes of the mountains, and most of them did not connected to the existing road network and infrastructure. The use of solar thermal energy is possible only with the help of passive solar architecture and active solar architecture (solar collectors for water heating and space heating in homes and tourist facilities). Program development and use of renewable energy in Montenegro, given the Energy Law of 2010 in which Montenegro has implemented parts of EU directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of energy from renewable sources.
The paper analyses tourism potential and rural tourism of the Municipality of Andrijevica. Existing tourism and recreation supply is not sufficiently developed and affirmed nor organized and connected both within the scope of the Municipality and with the neighbouring municipalities. One of the prerequisites for tourism development might be good transport infrastructure. However, in the territory of the Municipality of Andrijevica is not adequate. On the territory of the Municipality of Andrijevica, natural and anthropogenic values are distinguished group deployment and characteristics of complexity and complementarily. Natural values are particularly come to the fore, if we know that modern tourism trends emphasize the value of untouched nature. Marketing affirmation of the Municipality of Andrijevica is one of the most important processes that represent a momentum for its tourism development. In this sense, all kinds of tourism propaganda must be enhanced, which affirmed the value of tourism (for example the eco-pasture Štavna), which would lead to a more comprehensive tourism development that would provide a profitable economic performance. Particularly it is very important to encourage and support rapid development of economic activities in rural areas and development of human resources. Furthermore, the economic progress and independence rural settlements of the Municipality of Andrijevica must be improved in accordance with the ecological principles and sustainable development in rural development. In finding a new identity and direction of development of the rural economy, the Municipality of Andrijevica must accept new trends in Europe and the countries that have been through a period of transition, in terms of adapting and complementing so far the role of villages and rural areas within diversified supply and the introduction of tourism as one the essential activities. Such guidelines already exist in spatial and urban plans of the Municipality of Andrijevica, starting as of 2010.
‘Žutica’ is the most widespread olive variety of Montenegro, accounting for as much as 98% of olive trees in the southern part of Montenegrin coastal area – Bar subarea. The primary purpose of variety ‘Žutica’ is olive oil production due to its small fruits and high oil content, although it is also much appreciated as a table olive, prepared in local ways as green and black. As ‘Žutica’ is an old olive variety there are some phenotypic differences recorded in the fruit properties. Here we evaluated 22 accessions from the area of Bar and Ulcinj, where this variety is very widespread (almost mono-varietal), for 34 parameters of the fruit and endocarp. Significant differences in fruit properties were observed in the accessions. Average fruit size in nine accessions was above 3.5 g and in two accessions more than 4.0 g. Number of fruits per kg ranged from 224 to 330. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to group the accessions and evaluate the morphological variability. The accessions clustered into two groups, with two off group accessions of the highest fruit weight. The results showed differences among individuals, especially for large fruit accessions that should be investigated further.
The role of the village must to be first class, because are their potentials major development power future of Montenegro. This requires radically new attitude of society and science to the village. It must they are develop a new concept, a comprehensive rural development, which will be based on demographic, natural, economic and socio-cultural resources. Responsible role in the development of this concept has both geographical science, it’s the comprehensive approach should combine research efforts and results of other sciences. Rural village Gnjili Potok provides outstanding opportunities to create new forms of co-existence in response to the disintegration of family, cultural and social structures in terms dictated by the post-modern global world.
Plum is the major fruit species in the area of North Montenegro. A study conducted over a period of 4 years in North Montenegro region included in situ identification of autochthonous plum cultivars. Observation and recording of their phenological and pomological traits were performed using IBPGR and UPOV methodologies. Flowering started between 26th March and 12th April and fruit ripening between 13th July (Petrovača) and 18th September (Trnovača). Fruit weight ranged from 6.65 ±0.235 to 53.88 ±0.654 g and stone weight from 0.16 ±0.003 to 2.20 ±0.711 g. The cultivars were classified as being extremely small in terms of fruit size, except for cv. Crvena durgulja (bigger fruit size). Rounded fruit shape and light green ground color were dominant. Skin color ranged from amber to black. Yellow green was a dominant flesh color and medium flesh firmness predominated. The fruits of the above cultivars could be processed, particularly into plum brandy, or they could be used fresh or dried. The selected plum cultivars can be used both in breeding programmes and as cultivars for organic plum orchards. This study was made to assess the performance of autochthonous plum cultivars (in situ) and seedling. Selection process consisted of 3 stages: a) initial selection from the population and pomological characterization, b) morphological and quantitative characteristics of one-year old seedlings for autochthonous brandy varieties of plum on Myrobalan seedling (Prunus cerasifera Erhr.), and c) water attaining capability of leaves in autochthonous plum cultivars as an indicator of their resistance to drought.
Salvia officinalis L. (Dalmatian sage) is used traditionally in medicine as herbal tea and as a tonic, antiseptic and for inflammations and infections in the mouth. Also, sage is widely used as food flavouring, either as dried leaves or as the essential oil or oleoresin. Thus, any heavy metal accumulation by this plant would increase the possibility of heavy metal toxicity to consumers. In Montenegro, sage and some other aromatic herbs grow wild in close proximity to major roads. This study aims to establish the impact of pollution on the composition of sage leaves and this first investigation acts as a platform from which further work will follow. The total contents of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in Salvia officinalis leaves and in essential oil, solvent extract, tea brew and tea infusion at selected distances from a heavy metal pollution source was examined. Generally, it was found that the concentration of heavy metals decreases at 50 m, i.e. 100 m from the edge of a major road. Therefore the impact of road traffic through the pollution of aromatic herbs was noted. The concentration of hazardous heavy metals Pb and Cd in all investigated sage extracts was bellow detection limits of the analytical technique used while the solubility of heavy metals Zn and Cu was the highest in tea infusion extract.
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