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Middle Eocene ungulate mammals from Myanmar: a review with description of new specimens

100%

Tsubamoto T., Egi N., Takai M., Sein C., Maung M.

Acta Palaeontologica Polonica

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2005

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tom 50

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nr 1

We review an ungulate mammalian fauna of the Eocene Pondaung Formation, central Myanmar, and herein describe new dental specimens. The taxa newly recognized in the Pondaung Formation are two indeterminate bunodont artiodactyls, two small “eomoropid” perissodactyls (Eomoropussp. cf. E. minimus and an indeterminate “eomoropid”), and a new deperetellid perissodactyl genus, Bahinolophus, which is established for Deperetella birmanica from the Pondaung Formation. The Pondaung ungulate fauna consists of 29 species (14 families and 18 genera): one species of an indeterminate small ungulate, 12 species (six genera in six families) of artiodactyls, and 16 species (11 genera in seven families) of perissodactyls. Although both Pondaung artiodactyls and perissodactyls are abundant and taxonomically diverse, the former are less diversified in generic numbers than the latter, but are nearly equal to the latter in abundance. Anthracotheriid artiodactyls and brontotheriid and amynodontid perissodactyls are the most abundant elements in the fauna. The estimated paleoecologies of the included taxa, the geologic and geographic evidence, and cenogram analysis suggest that the paleoenvironment of the Pondaung fauna was forested/woodland vegetation with humid/subhumid moisture and large rivers, which were located not far from the eastern Tethyan Sea. The age of the Pondaung fauna is independently correlated with the latest middle Eocene only on the basis of the stratigraphic, microfossil, and radiometric evidence, yielding a result consistent with mammalian faunal correlations. On the other hand, the Pondaung fauna includes many artiodactyl taxa compared to other middle Eocene faunas of East Asia and shows relatively high endemism at the generic level, implying that the Pondaung fauna is not formally included in the Eocene Asian Land Mammal “Ages” system.

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Taphonomy of the fossil insects of the middle Eocene Kishenehn Formation

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Greenwalt D. E., Rose T. M., Siljestrom S. M., Goreva Y. S., Constenius K. N., Wingerath J. G.

Acta Palaeontologica Polonica

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2015

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tom 60

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nr 4

The lacustrine oil shales of the Coal Creek Member of the Kishenehn Formation in northwestern Montana comprise a relatively unstudied middle Eocene fossil insect locality. Herein, we detail the stratigraphic position of the fossiliferous unit, describe the insect fauna of the Coal Creek locality and document its bias towards very small but remarkably preserved insects. In addition, the depositional environment is examined and the mineral constituents of the laminations that comprise the varves of the Kishenehn oil shale are defined. Fifteen orders of insects have been recorded with the majority of all insects identified as aquatic with the families Chironomidae (Diptera) and Corixidae (Hemiptera) dominant. The presence of small aquatic insects, many of which are immature, the intact nature of >90% of the fossil insects and the presence of Daphnia ephippia, all indicate that the depositional environment was the shallow margin of a large freshwater lake. The fossil insects occur within fossilized microbial mat layers that comprise the bedding planes of the oil shale. Unlike the fossiliferous shales of the Florissant and Okanagan Highlands, the mats are not a product of diatomaceous algae nor are diatom frustules a component of the sediments or the varve structure. Instead, the varves are composed of very fine eolian siliciclastic silt grains overlaid with non-diatomaceous, possibly cyanobacteria-derived microbial mats which contain distinct traces of polyaromatic hydrocarbons. A distinct third layer composed of essentially pure calcite is present in the shale of some exposures and is presumably derived from the seasonal warming-induced precipitation of carbonate from the lake's waters. The Coal Creek locality presents a unique opportunity to study both very small middle Eocene insects not often preserved as compression fossils in most Konservat-Lagerstätte and the processes that led to their preservation.

3

New bird remains from the Middle Eocene of Guangdong, China

67%

Wang M., Mayr G., Zhang J., Zhou Z.

Acta Palaeontologica Polonica

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2012

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tom 57

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nr 3

We describe a new avian taxon (Sanshuiornis zhangi gen. et sp. nov.) from Middle Eocene black oil shales in the Huayong Formation of Guangdong Province, south China. The specimen consists of a distal tibiotarsus and a complete foot with tarsometatarsus and pedal digits in articulation. A preliminary phylogenetic analysis does not resolve the affinities of the fossil, but the bones show resemblances to some “ciconiiform” birds. The peculiar hypotarsus morphology, which is block−like and exhibits four cristae, resembles that of the early Eocene Rhynchaeites, which is a stem group representative of the Threskiornithidae. The new Chinese fossil has, however, proportionally longer legs than Rhynchaeites and its phylogenetic affinities probably cannot be resolved without further material.

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New middle Eocene formicid species from Germany and the evolution of weaver ants

67%

Dlussky G. M., Wappler T., Wedmann S.

Acta Palaeontologica Polonica

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2008

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tom 53

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nr 4

Two new species of weaver ant are described from the Eocene of Germany. Males and gynes of Oecophylla longiceps Dlussky sp. nov. are found in the middle Eocene (about 47 Ma) of Grube Messel, Germany. Males, gynes and two workers of O. eckfeldiana Dlussky sp. nov. are recorded from the middle Eocene (about 43 Ma) of Eckfeld maar, Germany. The two new species are among the oldest records of the extant genus Oecophylla. First adaptations for moving in the forest canopy are present in the workers of O. eckfeldiana. Even more specialized adaptations for arboreal life are found in the workers of O. brischkei from Baltic amber. The coexistence of two species in Baltic amber and in the Bembridge marls suggests that in these cases different ecological niches were realised by sympatric species. Comparisons of the queens from different fossil and extant species indicate morphological trends, partly connected with increasing fertility. Most likely Oecophylla originated in the early Paleogene in the Palaearctic realm, radiating strongly during the climatic changes of the Eocene–Oligocene transition.

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A new genus of stem lagomorph (Mammalia: Glires) from the Middle Eocene of the Erlian Basin, Nei Mongol, China

67%

Fostowicz-Frelik L., Li Q.

Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia

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2014

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tom 57

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nr 1-2

We report the discovery of Erenlagus anielae, a new genus and species of stem lagomorph from the lower part of the Middle Eocene Irdin Manha Formation at the Huheboerhe locality, Erlian Basin, Nei Mongol, China. The remains consist of isolated teeth; however, the material includes all loci except the incisors and P2. The new lagomorph is characterized by a small size and high degree of unilateral hypsodonty comparable to that of Aktashmys and slightly higher than that observed in the coeval and co-occurring Strenulagus. Further, it shows advanced root fusion, which exceeds even that in Gobiolagus. Although phylogenetic relationships of the Eocene lagomorphs from Asia are still not fully resolved, the dental characters of Erenlagus anielae suggest that it is most closely related to ʻLushilagusʼ danjingensis from the Middle Eocene of Henan, China and Aktashmys montealbus from the late Early Eocene of Kyrgyzstan. This stratigraphically well-constrained finding represents one of the lagomorph genera that appeared in the Eocene Glires paleobiodiversity reservoir, the Erlian Basin in Nei Mongol.

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New planthoppers (Insecta: Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) from the Middle Eocene Messel maar

67%

Szwedo J., Wappler T.

Annales Zoologici

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2006

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tom 56

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nr 3

Three new genera of extinct Dictyopharidae, Lophopidae and Eurybrachyidae respectively are described. Wedelphus gen. nov. with Wedelphus dichopteroides sp. nov. placed in Dictyopharidae, Baninus gen. nov. with Baninus thuringiorum sp. nov. of the family Lophopidae and Amalaberga gen. nov. with Amalaberga ostrogothiorum sp. nov. placed in Eurybrachidae (first fossil record of the family) are described, all from deposits of the Grube Messel Lagerstätte in Germany. A representative of an unrecognised family, possibly related to Henriksenopterix Petrulevičius, 2005 is reported. The oil shales of the Messel maar in Hessen are well known for their extremely rich fossil flora and fauna. They are of Lower Middle Eocene age (about 48 million years) and contain a highly diverse insect fauna.

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New specimens of zygodactylid birds from the middle Eocene of Messel, with description of a new species of Primozygodactylus

67%

Mayr G., Zelenkov N.

Acta Palaeontologica Polonica

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2009

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tom 54

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nr 1

15-20

Representatives of the avian taxon Zygodactylidae are among the most abundant small arboreal birds in the early Palaeogene of the Northern Hemisphere. Still, however, the osteology of these birds, which have recently been shown to be the sister taxon of the Passeriformes, is only incompletely known. Here we describe a new species of Primozygodactylus from the middle Eocene of Messel in Germany. The holotype specimen of P. eunjooae sp. nov. for the first time allows a detailed examination of the distal tarsometatarsus in one of the Messel zygodactylids. It also exhibits exceptionally well−preserved tail feathers which, most notably, are formed by a long central pair of rectrices. We further report on a new specimen of Primozygodactylus major, which is the largest zygodactylid from Messel. Being one of the few dissociated skeletons of Primozygodactylus, the new specimen shows some previously unknown osteological features of this taxon and allows a more detailed comparison with other zygodactylids.

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Skawce Sandstone Member - a new lithostratigraphic unit of the Labowa Shale Formation [Paleocene - Eocene: Magura Nappe, Siary Subunit] Polish Outer Carpathians

67%

Cieszkowski M., Waskowska-Oliwa A.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Earth Sciences

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2001

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tom 49

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nr 2

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Late Middle Eocene bats from the Creechbarrow Limestone Formation, Dorset, Southern England with description of a new species of Archaeonycteris (Chiroptera: Archaeonycteridae)

59%

Harrison D. L., Hooker J. J.

Acta Chiropterologica

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2010

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tom 12

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nr 1

Isolated teeth of Chiroptera from the Creechbarrow Limestone Formation of late Middle Eocene age are reported. Five distinct chiropteran taxa are present. A new species of Archaeonycteris is described, representing the last survivor of this archaic genus. Two rhinolophoid species include the hipposiderid Pseudorhinolophus schlosseri and Rhinolophidae gen. et sp. indet. Vespertilionoid bats are represented by one species Stehlinia quercyi. A single trigonid represents a small species, which could have affinity with the genus Ageina.

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A re-examination of the age of Hunchun flora, Jilin Province, China

59%

Ablaev A., Li C. S., Wang Y. F.

Acta Palaeobotanica

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2003

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tom 43

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nr 1

Ograniczanie wyników

Middle Eocene ungulate mammals from Myanmar: a review with description of new specimens

Taphonomy of the fossil insects of the middle Eocene Kishenehn Formation

New bird remains from the Middle Eocene of Guangdong, China

New middle Eocene formicid species from Germany and the evolution of weaver ants

A new genus of stem lagomorph (Mammalia: Glires) from the Middle Eocene of the Erlian Basin, Nei Mongol, China

New planthoppers (Insecta: Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) from the Middle Eocene Messel maar

New specimens of zygodactylid birds from the middle Eocene of Messel, with description of a new species of Primozygodactylus

Skawce Sandstone Member - a new lithostratigraphic unit of the Labowa Shale Formation [Paleocene - Eocene: Magura Nappe, Siary Subunit] Polish Outer Carpathians

Late Middle Eocene bats from the Creechbarrow Limestone Formation, Dorset, Southern England with description of a new species of Archaeonycteris (Chiroptera: Archaeonycteridae)

A re-examination of the age of Hunchun flora, Jilin Province, China