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The amounts of mRNA of subunit-c (proteolipid) of the V-ATPase of mature leaves of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. in the state of C3-photosynthesis were analyzed for a time-series of 96 h under constant conditions in continuous light. Fourier-transform analysis of the data showed endogenous oscillations of the mRNA with period lenghts of 48, 24 and 12 h, i.e. harmonic frequency resonances.
Fluctuations of acidity were found in leaves, shoots and roots of two groups of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum plants: watered and salt-treated. This suggests that the functioning of CAM (related to malate accumulation) in the tested organs can differ in "early CAM" in watered plants versus "full CAM" in NaCl-irrigated plants. Among the different organs analyzed, shoots exhibited the highest acidity level at the beginning of the day in both groups of M. crystallinum plants. Superoxide dismutase forms (MnSOD, CuZnSOD and FeSOD) differed in activity depending not only on their localization in the plant tissue but also on the stage of CAM development. Plants exhibiting "full CAM" and showing clear diurnal ∆-acidity had much higher total SOD activity during evening hours than in plants following "early CAM" photosynthesis. Shoots showed the highest activity of SOD.
Explants of young leaves and hypocotyls of M. crystallinum were cultured on a Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium containing auxins, cytokinins and auxin-cytokinin combinations. Callus was obtained from the medium supplemented with kinetin and 2,4-D. Callus induction was more readily obtained from hypocotyls than from leaves. Media containing zeatin (ZT), kinetin (KT), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2.4-D) or a-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) were used for bud multiplication and shoot differentiation. Shoot formation required cytokinins. The combination of cytokinins with low concentrations of auxin improved bud multiplication and shoot formation. The regenerated shoots developed roots on growth regulator free MS medium. Complete plantlets grew in the greenhouse to maturity after transfer to soil, and seeds could be collected.
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